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Anatomy
Cells, Chemistry, and Basic A/P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PROTEINS | CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER BY PEPTIDE BONDS |
| DNA | ENCODE FOR PROTEINS, PROVIDING INFO FOR MAKING PROTEINS, LONG MOLECULES WITH REGIONS CALLED GENES |
| NUCLEIC ACID | CONSIST OF DNA AND RNA |
| RNA | ASSISTS IN IMPLEMENTING GENETIC INFORMATION |
| DNA | REPLICATES ITSELF SO DAUGHTER CELLS CAN EACH HAVE A COPY |
| NUCLEOTIDES | BUILDING BLOCKS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS |
| SOLUTE | EVERYTHING OTHER THAN WATER |
| TRANSPORT PROTEINS | SHIELDS MOLECULES FROM HYDROPHOBIC PORTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANE SPECIFIC FOR THEIR PARTICULAR MOELCULE, OFTEN CONTROLLABLE |
| EXOCYTOSIS | MOVEMENT OUTWARD |
| ENDOCYTOSIS | MOVEMENT INWARD |
| FLUID MOSAIC MODEL SUGGESTS THAT PLASMA MEMBRANE IS A __________ OF A ________ MOLECULE | BILAYER,PHOSPHOLIPID |
| WHAT IS A TYPE OF SOLVENT? | WATER |
| PINOCYTOSIS | CELL-DRINKING |
| PHAGOCYTOSIS | CELL-EATING |
| ENDOCYTOSIS DIVIDED INTO 2 GROUPS | PHAGOCYTOSIS, PINOCYTOSIS |
| ORGANELLES | COMPARTMENTS OF CYTOPLASM OF CELLS ,MANY HAVE MEMBRANE AROUND THEM OTHERS DO NOT PROTECTS FROM INAPPROPRIATE CHEMICAL RXNS BY SEPERATING COMPOUNDS IN THE INTERIOR VS EXTERIOR |
| NUCLEUS | CONTAINS GENETIC LIBRARY WITH BLUEPRINTS FOR NEARLY ALL CELLULAR PROTEINS |
| CHROMATIN | LOOSELY ORGANIZED DNA ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEIN |
| CHROMOSOME | TIGHTLY COMPACTED DNA DURING CELL DIVISION |
| RIBOSOMES | SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ATTACHED TO ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND SOME UNATTACHED IN CYTOPLASM |
| NUCLEOLUS | WITHIN THE NUCLEUS CONSISTS OF PORTIONS OF RIBOSOMES BEING SYNTHESIZED |
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | MANUFACTURES ALL SECRETED PROTEINS AND OTHER PROTEINS DOES NOT CONTAIN RIBOSOMES |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | SYNTHESIZES ALL MEMBRANES OF THE CELLS SYNTHESIZES OTHER LIPIDS, DETOXIFIES HARMFUL SUBSTANCES |
| GOLGI BODY | FUNCTIONS IN THE PROCESSING OF PROTEINS AND SYNTHESIS OF CARBS. RECEIVES PROTEINS VIA VESICLES FROM rER. |
| MITOCHONDRIA | PRODUCES MOST OF THE CELLS ATP VIA AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
| LYSOSOMES | SACS CONTAINING ENZYMES FOR DEGRADATION OF MANY SUBSTANCES |
| CYTOSKELETON | COLLECTION OF PROTEINS DISPERSED WITHIN THE CELL AND IS INVOLVED WITH MANY PROCESSES |
| CENTRIOLES | CYLINDRICAL MICROTUBULES INVOLVED WITH CELLULAR DIVISION |
| DIFFUSION | MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES DOWN ITS CONCENTRATION GRADIENT |
| MITOCHONDRIA | PRODUCES MOST OF CELLS ATP VIA AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
| CHOLESTEROL | AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF PLASMA MEMBRANE |
| THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS A __________ OF PHSPHOLIPIDS WITH PROTEINS DISPERSED THROUGHOUT IT | BILAYER |
| HYPERTONIC | SOLUTIONS THAT CAUSE A NET LOSS OF WATER FROM CELLS |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | TOLERANCE TO HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IS PARTLY ACHIEVED BY MORE EXTENSIVE sER |
| PHYSIOLOGY | STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY |
| ANATOMY | SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE BODY |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK | SELF-CORRECTIVE PROCESS WITH A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON THE BODY |
| RIBOSOMES ARE SITES OF _____________ | PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
| NUCLEUS CONTAINS THE GENTIC LIBRARY WITH BLUEPRINTS FOR NEARLY ALL ____________ | PROTEINS |
| NUCLEOTIDES | CONSIST OF BASE PENTOSE SUGAR A PHOSPHATE GROUP BONDED TOGETHER |
| DNA | DOUBLE CHAIN OF NUCLEOTIDES WITH BINDING BETWEEN THE 2 STRANDS ACHIEVED BY THE COMPLEMENTARY HYDROGEN BONDING BETWEEN BASES |
| CHOLESTEROL | AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF PLASMA MEMBRANE |
| THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS A __________ OF PHSPHOLIPIDS WITH PROTEINS DISPERSED THROUGHOUT IT | BILAYER |
| HYPERTONIC | SOLUTIONS THAT CAUSE A NET LOSS OF WATER FROM CELLS |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | TOLERANCE TO HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IS PARTLY ACHIEVED BY MORE EXTENSIVE sER |
| PHYSIOLOGY | STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY |
| ANATOMY | SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE BODY |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK | SELF-CORRECTIVE PROCESS WITH A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON THE BODY |
| RIBOSOMES ARE SITES OF _____________ | PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
| NUCLEUS CONTAINS THE GENTIC LIBRARY WITH BLUEPRINTS FOR NEARLY ALL ____________ | PROTEINS |
| NUCLEOTIDES | CONSIST OF BASE PENTOSE SUGAR A PHOSPHATE GROUP BONDED TOGETHER |
| DNA | DOUBLE CHAIN OF NUCLEOTIDES WITH BINDING BETWEEN THE 2 STRANDS ACHIEVED BY THE COMPLEMENTARY HYDROGEN BONDING BETWEEN BASES |
| BASES OF RNA | ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE, URACIL |
| BASES OF DNA | ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE, THYMINE |
| CELLS | BASIC STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF LIFE |
| EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX | MATERIAL OUTSIDE OF CELLS |
| SQUAMOS CELL | THIN/FLAT CELLS |
| CUBOIDAL CELL | CUBEISH CELLS |
| COLUMNAR CELL | COLUMN LIKE CELLS |
| 3 MAJOR REGIONS OF A CELL | NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM, PLASMA MEMBRANE |
| PLASMA MEMBRANE | ENCLOSES CELL CONTENTS CONTROLS EXCHANGES WITH EXTRACELLULAR ENVIROMENT PLAYS ROLE IN CELLULAR COMMUNICATION |
| BASIC STRUCTURE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE | BILAYER PHOSPHOLIPID WITH PROTEINS |
| FLAGELLA | LONG PROTEIN STRUCTURE WHICH MOVE AND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MOTILITY OF SPERM |
| CILIA | STRUCTURES WHICH MOVE AND CAUSE SUBSTANCES OUTSIDE OF CELL TO MOVE |
| MICROVILLI | DO NOT MOVE AND INCREASE SURFACE AREA OF CELLS |
| VARIOUS PROTEINS THAT FUNCTION IN PLASMA MEMBRANE | ENZYMES, RECEPTORS, CELL IDENTIFIERS, ADHESION MOLECULES, TRANSPORTERS OF SUBSTANCES |
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | REQUIRES USE OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS AND ATP OFTEN CALLED "PUMPS" USED TO MOVE A SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE TO THE SIDE THAT ALREADY HAS THE GREATER CONCENTRATION |
| PASSIVE TRANSPORT | TRANSPORT PROTEINS EXSIST AS CHANNELS OR CARRIERS DOESNT REQUIRE ATP USES CHANNELS AND CARRIERS |
| 4 TYPES OF PASSAGE OF MOLECULES | DIFFUSION, OSMOSIS, TRANSPORT, VESICLE |
| DIFFUSION | DOES NOT USE ATP AS LONG AS THEIR IS A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, MAY OR MAY NOT INVOLVE PLASMA MEMBRANE, CO2 AND O2 GO RIGHT THRU THE MEMBRANE THROUGH THIS METHOD |
| OSMOSIS | DIFFUSION THAT INVOLVES WATER AND MEMBRANE MOVES FROM SIDE OF HIGHER WATER CONCENTRATION TO LOWER WATER CONCENTRATION AS SOLVENT NOT SOLUTE |
| VESICLES | USES ATP, MANY MOLECULES TRANSPORTED A 1 TIME MEMBRANE "SACS" ARE MADE FILLED WITH MOLECULES THEN TRANSPORTED IN/OUT OF A CELL. BOTH CELL AND SAC FUSE TOGETHER BECAUSE THEY HAVE A PLASMA MEMBRANE |
| CAN CHANGE THE SHAPE OF PROTEINS | TEMP, PH, TOXINS, CHANGE IN AMINO ACID |
| PROTEINS | USUALLY FOLD TO FORM A 3-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE |
| PROTEINS | BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MOLECULES OF TH BODY |
| PROTEINS | MADE UP OF A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE OF VARIOUS AMINO ACIDS |
| PHOSPHOLIPID | MODIFIED TRIGLYCERIDES SUCH THAT A PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING GROUP THAT REPLACES 1 FATTY ACID CHAIN |
| PHOSPHOLIPID | MAKES UP CELL MEMBRANES AND ARE MODIFIED TRIGLYCERIDES |
| TRIGLYCERIDES | CONSISTS OF GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS BONDED TOGETHER |
| CHOLESTEROL | ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF CELL MEMBRANES |
| STEROLS | IN LIPID GROUP COMMUNICATION, (HORMONES) |
| PHOSPHOLIPIDS | MAKES CELL MEMBRANES |
| TRIGLYCERIDES | MAIN FUNCTION FOR LONG TERM ENERGY STORAGE |
| WHAT ARE CLASSIFIED AS TRIGLYCERIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND STEROLS | LIPIDS |
| EXAMPLE OF MONOSACCAHARIDE | GLUCOSE |
| EXAMPLE OF DISACCAHRIDES | SUCROSE, TABLE SUGAR |
| EXAMPLE OF POLYSACCHARIDE | GLYCOGEN IN LIVER |
| POLYSACCHARIDE | LONG CHAINS OF SIMPLE SUGARS BOUND TOGETHER |
| DISACCHARIDE | UNION OF 2 MONOSACCHARIDE |
| GLUCOSE | IMPORTANT MONOSACCHARIDE IN THE BODY |
| CARBOHYDRATES | MONOSACCHARIDES BUILDING BLOCKS |
| CARBOHYDRATES | CELLULAR FUEL SHORT TERM ENERGY STORAGE AND STRUCTURE |
| GROUP THAT INCLUDES SUGARS AND STARCHES | CARBOHYDRATES |
| BIOCHEMISTRY | INVOLVES ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH MAKE UP THE MOLECULES OF LIFE |
| LIFE MOLECULES | MOLECULES THAT HAVE A CARBON AND HYDROGEN BACKBONE |
| INORGANIC CHEMISTRY | STUDY OF ALL COMPOUNDS EXCEPT CARBON AND HYDROGEN |
| ORGANIC CHEMISTRY | STUDY OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON AND HYDROGEN |
| IONS | CHARGED VERSIONS OF ATOMS |
| UNBOUND ATOM NEUTRAL | SAME # OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS |
| AN __________ HAS A NEG CHARGE EQUAL IN STRENGTH TO POS CHARGE OF A ___________ | ELECTRON, PROTON |
| BASIC COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP ATOMS | POSITIVELY CHARGED PROTONS IN NUCLEUS, NEUTRAL NEUTRONS IN NUCLEUS, NEGATIVELY CHARGED ELECTRONS IN ORBIT AROUND THE NUCLEUS |
| ATOMS | INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES OF AN ELEMENT |
| EXAMPLES OF ELEMENTS | CARBON HYDROGEN SODIUM |
| ELEMENT | UNIQUE TYPE OF SUBSTANCE WHICH CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY ORDIANRY CHEMICAL METHODS |
| ELECTRONS | ESTABLISH BONDING OF ATOMS |
| WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PROTONS? | DETERMINES THE TYPE OF ATOMS |
| COMPOUND | ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS BIND TOGETHER |
| MOLECULE | ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT BIND TOGETHER |
| ADDITIONAL ELECTRON SHELLS CAN HAVE HOW MANY ELECTRONS | 8 OR MORE |
| ELECTRON SHELL 2 IS FILLED WITH HOW MANY ELECTRONS | 8 |
| ATOMS | FORMS BONDS BETWEEN EACH OTHER IN ATTEMPTS TO HAVE THEIR OUTERMOST ELECTRON SHELL FILLED WITH ELECTRONS |
| ISOTOPES | VARIANTS OF ATOMS THAT DO NOT HAVE THE USUAL # OF NEUTRONS THEN DECOMPOSE SPOTANEOUSLY INTO STABLE FORM,RADIOACTIVE DUE TO THEIR DECAY |
| ANION | IONS THAT GAINED ELECTRONS AND THEREFORE ACQUIRED A NET NEGATIVE CHARGE |
| CATION | ION THAT LOST ELECTRONS AND THEREFORE ACQUIRED A NET POSITIVE CHARGE |
| WHAT IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT | WATER |
| IN BLOOD PLASMA CARRIES NUTRIENTS RESPIRATORY GASES AND METABOLIC WASTES | WATER |
| HYDROGEN BOND | LIGHTLY BOND SOME MOLECULES TOGETHER AND ALSO MAY HELP TO CREATE A 3D SHAPE WITHIN 1 MOLECULE |
| HYDROGEN BOND | MANY TOGETHER ARE STRONG BUT WEAKER THAN COVALENT AND IONIC BONDS |
| HYDROGEN BOND | BONDS THAT RESULT FROM THE POLARITY CAUSED BY POLAR COVALENT BONDS |
| POLAR COVALENT BOND | SLIGHT POSITIVE CHARGE IN ONE REGION AND SLIGHT NEGATIVE CHARGE IN ANOTHER REGION |
| ELECTRONEGATIVITY | DIFFERENT ATOMS HAVE DIFFERENT ATTRACTIONS FOR ELECTRONS |
| POLAR COVALENT | BOND WHEN ELECTRONS ARE BEING SHARED UNEQUALLY |
| NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND | BOND WHERE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED EQUALLY |
| COVALENT BONDS | FORM BETWEEN ATOMS WHEN ELECTRONS ARE SHARED |
| CELLULAR LEVEL | WHEN THE RIGHT LEVELS OF MOLECULES COME TOGETHER IN THE RIGHT WAY |
| MOLECULAR LEVEL | DEVELOPS WHEN THE RIGHT KINDS OF ATOMS COME TOGETHER IN THE RIGHT WAY |
| TISSUES | WHEN MULTIPLE CELLS WITH COMMON FUNCTIONS COME TOGETHER |
| 1ST STRUCTURES THAT ARE ALIVE | CELLS |
| PHYSIOLOGY | CAN BE EXPLAINED BY CHEMCIAL AND PHYSICAL PRINCIPALS, MOSTLY OCCURS AT CELLULAR OR MOLECULAR LEVEL |
| DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE TIME SPAN BETWEEN BIRTH THRU OLD AGE |
| HISTOLOGY | STUDY OF TISSUES |
| WAYS TO EXAMINE THE HUMAN BODY | VISUAL, PALPATION, AUSCULTATION, DISSECTION, EXPLORATORY SURGERY, MEDICAL IMAGING, CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY |
| POSITIVE FEEDBACK | MECHANISM WHICH ADDS TO THE CHANGE OCCURING |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK | MECHANISM OPPOSES A CHANGE OCCURING, USUALLY USED BY THE BODY TO KEEP IT IN HOMEOSTASIS |
| ORGAN SYSTEM | GROUP OF ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER FOR RELATED FUNCTIONS |
| ORGANS | PERFORM GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS COMPOSED OF AT LEAST 2 TISSUES |
| HOW DOES A COVALENT BOND DIFFER FROM AN IONIC BOND? | ELECTRONS IN A COVALENT BOND ARE SHARED |
| EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK | LABOR DURING PREGNANCY |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK | A RESPONSE BY THE BODY THAT IS IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO A CHANGING PARAMETER |
| SALTS | IONIC COMPOUND FORM CRYSTALS IN THE DRY STATE BUT DISSOCIATE INTO INDIVDUAL IONS WHEN PLACED IN WATER |
| HOMEOSTASIS | OCCURS WHEN INTERNAL CONDITIONS ARE KEPT WITHIN NARROW LIMITS BY EFFORTS OF THE BODY |
| FACILITATED DIFFUSION | MOVEMENT THROUGH A MEMBRANE AND REQUIRES A MEMBRANE PROTEIN AND FAVORABLE CONCENTRATION |
| OSMOSIS | SPECIAL CASE IN WHICH WATER MOVES THRU A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE |
Created by:
dnuculovic
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