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Volcanoes
Prentice Hall Science Explorer chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Volcano | A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface. |
| Magma | A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle |
| Lava | When magma leaves the surface, it is called lava |
| Ring of Fire | A major volcanic belt that is formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean |
| Island arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench |
| hot spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it. |
| magma chamber | The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects |
| pipe | A long tube through which magma moves from teh magma chamber to Earth's surface |
| vent | The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano. |
| lava flow | The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent. |
| crater | A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening. |
| silica | A material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; silica is found in magma. |
| pahoehoe | A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, ropelike coils. |
| aa | A cooler, slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler than pahoehoe. |
| pyroclastic flow | The expulsion of ash, cinders, and bombs from a violent volcanic explosion |
| active | Said of a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs of erupting in the near future. |
| dormant | Said of a volcano that does not show signs of erupting in the near future. |
| extinct | Said of a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again. |
| hot spring | A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated buy a nearby body of magma |
| geyser | A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. |
| geothermal energy | Energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma. |
| shield volcano | A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions. |
| composite volcano | A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials |
| cinder cone | A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening. |
| volcanic neck | A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe. |
| dike | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a vertical crack, across layers of rock. |
| sill | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a horizontal crack, in between layers of rock. |
| batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magm cooled inside the crust. |
Created by:
moschiemann
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