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Volcanoes

Prentice Hall Science Explorer chapter 3

TermDefinition
Volcano A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface.
Magma A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
Lava When magma leaves the surface, it is called lava
Ring of Fire A major volcanic belt that is formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean
Island arc A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench
hot spot An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it.
magma chamber The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
pipe A long tube through which magma moves from teh magma chamber to Earth's surface
vent The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano.
lava flow The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent.
crater A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening.
silica A material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; silica is found in magma.
pahoehoe A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, ropelike coils.
aa A cooler, slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler than pahoehoe.
pyroclastic flow The expulsion of ash, cinders, and bombs from a violent volcanic explosion
active Said of a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs of erupting in the near future.
dormant Said of a volcano that does not show signs of erupting in the near future.
extinct Said of a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again.
hot spring A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated buy a nearby body of magma
geyser A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals.
geothermal energy Energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma.
shield volcano A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions.
composite volcano A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
cinder cone A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening.
volcanic neck A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe.
dike A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a vertical crack, across layers of rock.
sill A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a horizontal crack, in between layers of rock.
batholith A mass of rock formed when a large body of magm cooled inside the crust.
Created by: moschiemann
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