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Chapter 6
Page 167
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Any substance that forms hydrogen ions(H+)in water and has a pH below 7. |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter. |
| Base | Any substance that form hydroxide ions(OH-)in water and has a pH above 7. |
| Compound | Substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined. |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. |
| Element | Substance that cant be broken down into simpler chemical substances. |
| Ion | Atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge. |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the element. |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. |
| Mixture | Combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties. |
| Molecule | Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge. |
| Nucleus | Positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons. |
| pH | Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to 14; solution with pH above 7 is basic and pH below 7 is acidic. |
| Solution | Mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance(solvent). |
| Diffusion | Net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution. |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration. |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms. |
| Polar Molecule | Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and negative end. |
| Amino Acid | Basic building blocks of protein molecules. |
| Carbohydrate | Organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Enzyme | Type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reaction. |
| Isomer | Compounds with the same formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties. |
| Lipid | Large nucleic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen; are insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings, such as in membranes. |
| Nucleic Acid | Complex biomolecules, such as RAN and DNA , that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code. |
| Nucleotide | Submits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
| Peptide Bond | Covalent bond formed between amino acids. |
| Polymer | Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together. |
| Protein | Large, complex polymer essential yo all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism. |