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Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three thyroid hormones? | T3, T4, and calcitonin |
| How does calcitonin decrease serum calcium? | Removes calcium from the blood and pushes it back into the bones |
| What dietary substance do you need to make hormones? | iodine |
| People with hyperthyroidism have too much | energy (Graves Disease) |
| Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? (10) | Nervous, weight decrease, sweaty/hot, exophthalmos, decrease attention span, increased appetite, irritable, increased GI, increased blood pressure, enlarged thyroid |
| For a hyperthyroid patient, is T4 increased or decreased? | Increasead |
| After a thyroidectomy, how can you assess for accidental removal of parathyroid glands? | Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (rigid muscles and spasms) |
| Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? (7) | No energy, fatigue, slow GI, weight gain, cold intolerance, slowed speech, no/flat expression |
| How long do clients with hypothyroidism have to take their meds? | forever |
| What type of heart disease do people with hypothyroidism tend to have? | Coronary artery heart disease |
| What does the parathyroids secrete and what does it do? | Secretes PTH which pulls calcium from the bones and place it in the blood. Increases serum calcium level. |
| If you have too much PTH in your body the serum calcium level will be? | increased |
| If you do not have enough PTH in your body, serum calcium level will be? | decreased |
| Hyperparathyroidism equals? | Hyperparthyroidism = hypercalcemia= hypophosphatemia |
| When serum calcium is high, serum phosphorus is? | low |
| What should you monitor for after partial parathyroidectomy? | rigid, tight muscles |
| Adrenal glands handle? | stress |
| What are the two parts of the adrenal gland? | Medulla and cortex |
| Where is epi and norepi excreted from? | adrenal medulla |
| What does the adrenal cortex secrete? | steroids (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones) |
| What are four things that glucocorticoids do? | inhibits insulin, alters your mood, breaks down fat and protein, alters defense mechanism |
| What is the purpose of a vanillylmandeic acid test? | 24 hour urine specimen looking for increased levels of norepi and epi. |
| Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) make you retain what? And lose what? | retain sodium and water and lose potassium |
| A disease process that causes adrenocortical insuffiency (not enough steroids)? | Addisons disease |
| What are some signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease? | Hyperkalemia, anorexia/nausea, decreased bowel sounds and GI upset, vitiligo, hypotension, decreased Na, Increased potassium and hypoglycemia |
| A disease process in which the client has too many steroids? | Cushing’s disease |
| What is normal blood glucose levels? | 70-110 mg/dL |
| What is usually the first sign of type 1 diabetes? | DKA |
| How does insulin work? | Carries glucose out of the vascular space and into the cells |
| What is the cause of type two diabetes? | the client is not producing enough insulin to keep up with glucose production |
| How do oral hypoglycemics work? | Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin |
| When should you exercise? | Same time everyday, after snack, when blood sugar is at its highest |
| What is a type of long acting insulin? | Lantus |
| What is the only type of insulin you can give IV? | Regular |
| How often is regular insulin given? | Once a day |
| When is bolus insulin given? | Throughout the day, before meals |
| What type of insulin can be given in infusion pumps? | Rapid acting |
Created by:
karenmarie927
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