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Motion & Light
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motion | A change in position over time |
| Reference Point | An object used for comparison with the object in motion |
| Position | An object's location in relation to a reference point |
| Qualitative | Describes motion |
| Quantitative | Measuring motion |
| Velocity | Speed plus Direction |
| Distance | How far the object traveled |
| Time | Measures how long it took the object to travel the distance |
| Speed | The distance an object travels in a period of time |
| Theory of Plate Tectonics | Earth's plates move slowly in various directions through convection energy transfer in the mantle (some push away, some push together) |
| Plate | Large pieces of lithosphere that are in constant motion |
| Lithosphere | The rocky outer shell of Earth includes the crust and upper mantle (brittle and rigid) more solid |
| Asthenosphere | Lies below the lithosphere with a low density and very ductile much hotter (plastic and flowing) more liquid |
| Plate Boundary | Region where two tectonic plates meet |
| Transform | Plates slide side by side |
| Convergent | Plates move towards each other |
| Oceanic-Continental Convergent | More dense and subducts the continented plate creating and ocean trench and a chain of volcanoes |
| Continental-Continental Convergent | Two plates collide creating a mountain rage |
| Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent | Collide to create volcanoes and islands in between |
| Divergent | Plates move away from each other |
| Oceanic-Continental Divergent | Forms mid-oceanic ridges leading to underwater volcanoes give rise to volcanic islands |
| Continental-Continental Divergent | Produce rift valleys eventually creating oceanic plates |
| Acceleration | Rate of change, direction, or both |
| Forces | Pushes or pulls (a combination is a twist |
| Kinetic Energy | A force acts on a stationary object and causes motion |
| Force Diagram | Show the forces acting on an object and whether they are balanced or unbalanced |
| Newton's 1st Law of Motion | An object in motion remains in motion and a object at rest remains at rest unless acted on an unbalanced force |
| Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | F=MA |
| Weight | A force. Measured in Newton's (N) |
| Friction | A force oppose motion between 2 surfaces that are touching |
| Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Waves | A disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another offering transferring energy |
| Transverse | Causes vibration in the medium in perpendicular direction to its own motion |
| Longitudinal | Have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travels |
| Wavelength | The distance between adjacent crests, measured in meters |
| Period | The time it takes for a complete to pass a given point, measured in seconds |
| Frequency | the # of complete waves pass a point in one second measured in Hertz (Hz) |
| Crest | The highest part of a wave |
| Amplitude | How far the medium waves when the wave passes through |
| Trough | The lowest point in a wave |
| Refraction | The change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed |
| Visible Light | ROY G BIV (red has a longer wavelength) |
| Seismic Waves | Carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through Earth's interior and across the surface |
| Primary(P)Waves | Can travel through all states of matter through compressions and rarefactions much like an accordion |
| Secondary(S)Waves | Cannot move through liquids; move back and forth and up and down (transverse wave) |
Created by:
irouse
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