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Bio II Exam II
Invertebrates Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some structures of porifera? | Suspension feed, water enters though sporocytes, is filtered in spongocoel, , choanocytes cause water flow, water leaves through the osculum, they have no true tissues, are made of spongin and calcium carbonate spicules, and are hermaphrodites. |
| What is a key feature of Eumatazoans? | They have true tissues. |
| Features of cnidarians (hydra)? | Diploblastic, radially symmetrical, gastrovascular cavity, have sessile polyp forms, have polyp and medusa forms, hunt with nematocysts, have nerve net (but no brain), and hydroskeletons. |
| What is a key feature of a schyphozoan? | They are predominantly in a medusa form, they are mostly jellyfish. |
| What are key features of cubozoans? | They have cube shaped medusas, complete eyes, and are toxic in some cases. |
| What are key features of anthozoans? | They are mostly sea anemones and corals, only have polyp form, and can be solitary or colonial. |
| What are key features of bilatarians / Platyhelminths (planarians)? | They can be marine, fresh water, or terrestrial, many are parasitic (tapeworms and flukes), are tribloblastic, have no real circulatory system (diffuse across body wall). |
| What are key features of turbellaria? | They are free living, include planarians, are carnivorous, move on a layer of mucus by cilia, have eye spots and chemical sensors with cerebral ganglia, are asexual, are hermaphrodites. |
| What are key features of monogeans, trematodes, and cestodes? | They are parasites with suckers that contain the reproductive material, adults continually release eggs, and thrive in unsanitary conditions. |
| What are two examples of monogeans, trematodes, and cestodes? | Chinede liver fluke and schistosomiasis |
| What are some features of monogean? | These are external organisms that live on fish gills and begin in a ciliate form and become worm like once attached. |
| What are some features of cestoids? | These are tapeworms and are parasitic. They have no gut and have neoderm for nutrient uptake. They are ribbon like and have a scolex and proglottids. |
| What is a scolex? | A group of grasping hooks and suckers. |
| What is the neck of a cestoid? | This is where stem cells are located and where mitotic division occurs for growth. |
| What is the purpose of the neodermis? | Nutrient uptake, allows the digestive tract of the host do the work. |
| What does the nervous system in a cestoid look like? | It is localized in the scolex, nerve chords travel the length of the body. |
| How do cestoids perform excretion? | There are long canals and waste drain from the last proglottids. |
| What is unique about perglottids? | Each has its' own reproductive system that produces eggs, can self fertilize, and proglottids fall off with eggs inside and are expelled in host feces. |
| What must the final host be for cestoids? | Vertebrates. |
| Where do juvenile cestoid worms reside in hosts? | Extraintestinal areas. |
| Why are cysticerci worms dangerous? | If they explode, they are lethal. |
| Key features of tapeworms? | Use hooks and suckers on scolex, absorb nutrients with body wall, cattle and pigs are intermediate hosts. |
| What are Rotifers? | Freshwater, marine, terrestrial, smaller than protists, specialized organ system, pseudocoelems, alimentary canal, cilia around mouth,parthenogenenis (females are unfertilized, males dont live long, zygotes resistant). |
| What are locophores? | Sessile, u-shaped alimentary canal, no 'head', coelemate (brachiopods). |
| What are key features of nemerteans? | They are ribbons worms, have reduced coelems (shoots poinson), have an alimentary canal, and a circulatory system that pumps 'blood' by muscle squeezing vessels. |
| What are key features of mollusks? | They have soft bodies, some have shells, foot, visceral mass, mantle, separate sexes (except snails) |
| What are key features of chiton? | 8 segmented shell, oval body,marine, radula |
| What are key features of gastropods? | Torsion in body (anus over head), spiral shell, head with eyes, move by foot or cilia, radula, some predators (modified radula for drilling), some have modified shell for oxygen from air. |
| What are key features of bivalves? | Two shells, adductor muscles, no head, no radula, som ehave eyes on mantle, gills used for feeding and oxygen, most sessile, some move with foot, scallops swim. |
| What are key features of cephalopods? | Predatory mollusk, tentacles, beaks, poisons, foot turned into siphon/tentacles/head, squid swim using siphon, shell lost or reduced except nautiluses, closed circulatory system, highly developed sensory organs,complex learning and behavior, ammonites |
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MichaelaMH
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