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Chapter 6 Terms

Biology

TermDefinition
Acid Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7
Atom Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter
Base Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7
Compound Substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Convalent Bonds Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Element Substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances
Ion Atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge
Ionic Bond Chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge
Isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
Metabolism All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Mixture Combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties
Molecule Group of atoms held together by convalent bonds; has no overall charge
Nucleus Positively charges center of an atoms composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charges electrons.
pH Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14
Solution Mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance
Diffusion Net, random movement of particles form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution
Dynamic Equilibrium Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
Hydrogen Bond Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
Polar Molecule Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end.
Amino Acid Basic building blocks of protein molecules
Carbohydrate Organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxyegen
Enzyme Type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
Isomer Compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties
Lipid Large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen witha small amount of oxygen; ex.- fats, oils, waxes; insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings. EX- Membranes
Nucleic Acid Complex bio-molecules,EX- DNA, RNA. That store cellular information in cells in the form of a code.
Nucleotide Sub-units of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Peptide Bond Convalent bond formed between amino acids
Polymer Large molecules formed when many smaller molecules bond together
Protein Large, complex polymer essential to all life, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism
Created by: Brhys
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