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bio 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Primary energy source of cells |
| Polysaccharides | Molecules composed of 3 or more subunits |
| Monosaccharide | A single sugar unit |
| Disaccharide | Two monosaccharide subunits |
| Proteins | chain of amino acids that form the structural parts of the cell |
| Lipids | Storage of energy Fats |
| Amino acids | An organic compound having one or more amino groups |
| Glycerol | A three carbon molecule with three hydroxyl groups (OH) |
| Fatty acid | Long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end |
| Hydrolysis | The cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water |
| Condensation | Change of physical matter from gas to liquid , and is the reverse of vaporization. |
| Scientific method | A method of research in which a problem is identified. |
| Controlled variable | A variable that remains the same throughout the procedure |
| Manipulated variable | Known as x. The thing you change to make the responding |
| Responding variable | Known as y. The change or not change condition due to the manipulated variable |
| Catabolism | The breakdown of complex molecules to form simple ones |
| Anabolism | When simple substances turn into complex molecules |
| Enzymes | A protein catalyst that permits chemical reactions to proceed at low temperatures |
| Catalyst | A chemical that increases the rate of chemical reactions |
| Substrate | A molecule on which an enzyme works |
| Artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| Pulse | A beat of the arteries following heart contractions |
| Vein | A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart |
| Capillaries | Small blood vessels that have thin walls that allow oxygen and nutrients from the blood t the tissues |
| Vasoconstriction | The narrowing of blood vessels, allowing less blood to the tissues |
| Vasodilation | The widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to the tissues |
| Aneursym | part of a blood vessel (artery) that swells. Either the blood vessel is damaged or there is a weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. |
| Septum | A wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart |
| Pulmonary circulatory system | The system of blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart |
| Systemic circulatory system | Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| Atrium | a thin walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins |
| Ventricle | A muscular , thick walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries |
| Atrioventricular valve (AV) | A heart valve that prevents the back flow of blood from a ventricle in to and atrium |
| Semi-lunar valve | A valve that prevents back flow of blood from an artery in to a ventricle |
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues |
| Coronary artery | An artery that supplies the cardiac muscle with oxygen and nutrients |
| Sinoatrial node (SA) | A small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heart beat |
| Atrioventricular node (AV) | A small mass of tissue in the right antrioventrical region through which impulses from the sinoatrial node are passed to the ventricles |
| Purkinje fibre | A nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles |
| sympathetic nervous system | A division of the automatic nervous system that returns the body to normal resting levels following adjustments to stress |
| Diastole | Regulation (dilation) of the heart, during which the atria fill with blood |
| Systole | Contraction of the heart, during which blood is pushed out of the heart |
| Thermonregulation | Maintenance of body temperature within a range that enables cells to function efficiently |
| Hypothalamus | Region of a vertebrates brain responsible for coordinating many nerve and hormone functions |
| Extracellular fluid (ECF) | Fluid that occupies the spaces between cells and tissues; includes plasma and interstitial fluid |
| Filtration | The selective movement of materials through capillary walls by a pressure gradient |
| Lymph | The fluid found in lymph vessels that contains some proteins that have leaked through capillary walls |
| Lymph node | A mass of tissue that stores lymphocytes and removes bacteria ad foreign particles from the lymph |
| Lymphocyte | A white blood cell that produces antibodies |
| Spleen | A lymphoid organ that acts as a reservoir for blood and a filtering site for lymph |
| Thymus gland | A lymphoid organ in which T lymphocytes nature |
Created by:
nawolskim
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