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Biology Unit 1
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does a person lose mass? | When the energy content of the food taken in is less than the amount of energy expended by the body |
| What is a metabolic rate? | The rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out |
| How can white blood cells defend against pathogens? (3) | * Ingesting pathogens * Producing antibodies * Producing antitoxins |
| What did Semmelweis do? | Recognised the importance of handwashing insisted Doctors washed their hands before operating greatly reduced the numbers of deaths from infectious diseases |
| What is an example of an antibiotic? | Penicillin |
| What do antibiotics do? | Help to cure bacterial diseases by killing infectious bacteria |
| How can people be immunised against a disease? | By introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of the pathogen into the body, known as a vaccination |
| What do vaccinations do? | Immunise people against diseases by stimulating the white blood cells to produce antibodies |
| What does the MMR vaccine protect children against? | Measles mumps & rubella |
| What temperature is safe that reduces the likelyhood of of growth of pathogens? | 25 degrees |
| How must petri dishes be cleaned in an experiment and why | Sterilized to kill unwanted microorganisms |
| What do light receptor cells have? | Nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane |
| How does information from the receptors get to the brain? | They pass along neuron cells in nerves |
| What happens in a simple reflex action? (1) | Impulses from a receptor passes along a sensory neurone to the central nervous system |
| What happens in a simple reflex action? (2) | At a synapse between a sensory and relay neuron in the central nervous system a chemical is released that causes an impulse to be sent along a relay neurone |
| What happens in a simple reflex action? (3) | A chemical is then released at the synapse between a relay and motor neurone in the central nervous system causing impulses to be sent along a motor neurone to the organ that brings about the response |
| What happens in a simple reflex action? (4) | The effector is either a muscle or a gland, a muscle responds by contracting and a gland responds by releasing chemical substances |
| How does water leave the body? | breathing out, via skin when sweat,and via the kidneys in urine |
| How does the ion content leave the body? | Sweat and urine |
| What 4 things are controlled in the body? | Water content, ion content, blood sugar levels and temperature |
| What are hormones? | Secreted by glands and are usually transported to their target organs by the bloodstream |
| Which hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle? | LH, FSH and oestrogen |
Created by:
xlillyrosiex
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