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Science
Chapter 18 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| amino acid | building block of protein |
| carbohydrate | nutrient that is usually the body's main source of energy |
| chemical digestion | occurs when enzymes and other chemicals break down large food molecules into smaller ones |
| chyme | liquid product of digestion |
| digestion | mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules that cells can absorb and use |
| enzyme | a type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells; a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being changed or used up itself |
| fat | nutrient that stores energy, cushions organs, and helps the body absorb vitamins |
| food group | group of foods - such as bread, cereal, rice, and pasta - containing the same type of nutrients |
| mechanical digestion | breakdown of food through chewing, mixing, and churning |
| mineral | inorganic nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body |
| nutrient | substance in foods - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water - that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair |
| peristalsis | waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract |
| protein | large molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur and is made up of amino acids; used by the body for growth and for replacement and repair of body cells |
| villi | fingerlike projections covering the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for food absorption |
| vitamin | water-soluable or fat-soluable organic nutrient needed in small quantities for growth, for preventing some diseases, and for regulating body functions |