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Science
Chapter 18 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
amino acid | building block of protein |
carbohydrate | nutrient that is usually the body's main source of energy |
chemical digestion | occurs when enzymes and other chemicals break down large food molecules into smaller ones |
chyme | liquid product of digestion |
digestion | mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules that cells can absorb and use |
enzyme | a type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells; a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being changed or used up itself |
fat | nutrient that stores energy, cushions organs, and helps the body absorb vitamins |
food group | group of foods - such as bread, cereal, rice, and pasta - containing the same type of nutrients |
mechanical digestion | breakdown of food through chewing, mixing, and churning |
mineral | inorganic nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body |
nutrient | substance in foods - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water - that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair |
peristalsis | waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract |
protein | large molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur and is made up of amino acids; used by the body for growth and for replacement and repair of body cells |
villi | fingerlike projections covering the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for food absorption |
vitamin | water-soluable or fat-soluable organic nutrient needed in small quantities for growth, for preventing some diseases, and for regulating body functions |