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Structure of Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The walls of arteries and veins have three distinct layers, what are they? | Tunica Interna, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa |
| Blood flows from........ towards....... in an artery | Away from the heart towards the body and lungs |
| Blood flows from........ towards....... in a vein | Towards the heart from the body and lungs |
| Blood flows from........ towards....... in a capillary | From the arterioles towards venules |
| Blood flows from........ towards....... in an arteriole | From arteries towards capillaries |
| Where do arteries take oxygenated blood? | The arteries take oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues of the body. (Systemic Circulation/System) |
| What does the pulmonary artery carry? and where does it carry it too? | Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs with high CO2. |
| Describe the special function of elastic arteries | The pulmonary trunk, aorta and their major arterial branches are examples of elastic arteries. Their elasticity allows them to absorb pressure changes during the cardiac cycle, maintaining a consistent BP |
| What is the function of a muscular artery? | Also known as distribution arteries, distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs |
| What is the difference found in the tunica media of an elastic or muscular artery? | The tunica media of an elastic artery is dominated by elastic fibres rather than smooth muscle cells, as in a muscular artery. |
| What is the function of veins? | Veins collect blood from all the tissues and organs and return it to the heart. Systemic veins have high Carbon Dioxide levels. Pulmonary veins have a high oxygen content. |
| Describe the function of capillaries | Capillary walls permit the exchange of water, glucose, salts, 02 and C02 between the blood and surrounding interstitial fluid. |
| What is the key and unique function associated with arterioles? | Arterioles can alter their diameter to permit vasoconstriction and vasodilation which affects local blood pressure. |
| What is the function of venules? | Venules connect capillaries and veins |
| Define tunica externa | A sheath of connective tissue around the vessel |
| Which vessels have a tunica externa? | Artery, vein, and venule |
| Define the tunica media found in an elastic artery | Mostly elastic fibres, some smooth muscle |
| Define the tunica media found in a muscular artery | Mostly smooth muscle, some elastic fibres |
| Describe the tunica media found in a vein | A lower BP requires thinner walls. In medium sized veins the tunica media contains several smooth muscle layers. |
| Which vessels do not have a tunica media? | Capillary and venule |
| Define tunica interna | The tunica interna is the endothelial lining of the vessel lumen |
| Which vessels have a tunica media? | Artery, vein, arteriole |
| Define 'lumen' | The central opening of a vessel |
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