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A&P Ch.4
A&P Ch.4 WSU Winter 2014
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where is Epithelial tissue found? | epidermis, inner linning of digestive tract, liver and other glands |
| function of Epithelial tissue | protection, secretion and absorption |
| whats on the lateral surface of the epithelial tissue? | 1.occluding/tight junction 2.Gap junction 3.Desmosomes, macula adherance. |
| what is the function of Occulding tight junction? | connection between 2 plasma membranes, Adhesion belt attaches to terminal web, prevent passage of water, and isolate waste in lumen. |
| what is the function of rapid communication? | 1.allow rapid communication. 2.held together by channel proteins 3.allow ions to pass 4.coordinate contractions in heart muscles. |
| What is the function of macula adherence? | 1.CAMS, Dense, and intracellular cement/ 2.spot desmosomes: ties cell together, and allow bending and twisting. 3.hemidesmosomes: attach cell to basal lamina. |
| location of simple squamous | 1.mesothelia lining of ventral body cavity. 2.endothelia lining of heart and blood vessels. 3.portion of kidneys and aveoli of lungs. |
| function of simple squamous | reduce friction, control vessel permeability, absorption and secretion. |
| location of stratified squamous | 1.surface of skin 2.lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina |
| function of stratified squamous | physical protection against absorption, pathogens, and chemical attack |
| location of simple cuboidal | glands, ducts, portion of kidney tubules, and thyroid gland. |
| function of simple cuboidal | limited protection, secretion, and absorption |
| location of stratified cuboidal | linning of some ducts ( rare.) |
| function of stratified cuboidal | protection, secretion and absorption. |
| location of transitional | urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters |
| function of transitional | permits stretching and recoils after |
| location of simple columnar | lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, and uterine tubes, and collection ducts of kidney. |
| function of simple columnar | protection absorption and secretion |
| location of stratified columnar | small area of pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary gland, gland ducts and urethra. |
| function of stratified columnar | protection |
| location of pseudo stratified | lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi. portion of male reproduction tract. |
| function of pseudo stratified | Protection, secretion, and move mucus with cilia. |
| types of glandular epithelial | endocrine, and exocrine |
| what are the modes of secretion in exocrine | merocine, apocrine, and holocrine. |
| merocine | mucus secretion salivary gland |
| apocrine | milk secretion from mammary gland |
| holocrine | Sebaceous gland: oil producing. |
| what are the types of secretion in exocrine | serous, mucous, mixed |
| serous | enzymes ex. paroited gland |
| mucous | mucins. ex. sublingual gland |
| mixed | serous and mucous. ex. submandibula, and submaxillary glands. |
| connective tissue classification. | proper, fluid, and supporting. |
| proper | 1.lose: areolar, adipose, and reticular 2.dense: regular, irregular, and elastic |
| fluid | blood and lymph |
| supporting | 1.cartilage: Hyaline, elastic, and fibrous. 2.Bone. |
| fibroblast | most abundant, found in all proper connective tissue, Secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cell cement.) |
| fibrocytes | 2nd most abundant, found in all connective proper, maintain fibers of connective tissue. |
| adipocytes | fat cells |
| mesenchymal cells | stem cells that respond to injury or infection, differentiate into fibroblast, and macrophages. |
| mast cells | stimulate inflammation after injury or infection by releasing histamine and heparin. ex. basophils |
| macrophages | large amoeba-like cells of the immune system. eat damaged and pathogen cells. some are fixed that stay in tissue, some are free that migrate. |
| lymphocytes | specialized immune cells, ex. plasma cells that produce antibodies. |
| microphages | phagocytic blood cells, respond to macrophages and mast cells. ex. neutrophils and eosinophils |
| melanocytes | sythesis and stores brown pigment called melanin |
| collagen fiber | most common fiber. long, straight, and unbranched. strong and flexible. resist force in one direction. ex. tendons and ligaments. |
| elastic fibers | has elastin. branched and wavy. return to original length after stretching. ex. elastic ligaments of vertebrae |
| reticular fibers | network of interwoven fibers (stroma). stong and flexible. resist force in many direction. stabilize function cells and structure (parachyma). ex. sheaths around organs. |
| ground substance | clear, colorless, and viscous. fills space and slows pathogens. |
| Aerolar tissue | least specialized, open framework, viscous, elastic fibers, holds blood vessels and capillary beds. EX. subcutaneous layer under skin. |
| Adipose | 1.White fats: most common, stores fats, absorbs shocks, and insulation. 2.brown fats: vascularized, many mitochondria, when stimulated fats breakdown releasing energy, absorbs energy from surrounding tissue. |
| Reticular | 1.Stroma: reticular fibers. framework of organs 2.parenchyma: functional cells of organ. |
| location of reticular | liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. |
| function of reticular | supporting framework |
| location of dense regular tissue | between skeltal muscles and skelton.(tendons and aponerouses). covers skelton. |
| function of dense regular tissue | firm attachment, conducts pull of muscles, reduce friction between muscles, stabilize relative positions of bone. |
| location of dense irregular tissue | capsules of visceral organs, periostea, and perichondrea. nerv and muscle sheaths: dermis |
| function of dense irregular tissue | provide resistance to pull from many directions, prevent overexpansion of organs |
| location of elastic tissue | between vertebrea colums. supports penis and transitional epithelia, in blood vessel walls. |
| function of elastic tissue | stabilize position of vertabrea and penis, cushions shocks, permits expansion and contraction of organs. |
| lymphocytes | not common in blood, fluid CT. |
| eoisinphils and neutrophills | phagocytes |
| basophil | promotes inflammation like mastcells |
| platlets | promote blood clotting |
| proteglycan | matrix in cartilage made of protein and chondroitin sulfate |
| collagen fibers | cartilage matrix |
| Hyaline cartilage | between tips of ribs and bones of sternum. supports larynx (voice box, trachea, and bronchi. |
| Elastic cartilage | aurical of ear, epiglottis, auditory canal. provides support, tolerates distortion and returns to original shape. |
| fibrocartilage | between knee joints, pubic bone and pelvis, invertabral discs, prevents bone to bone contact. |
| 4 types of membranes | mucus, serous, cutaneous, synovial |
Created by:
isoukar
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