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Bella Revision

Bella Higher Human Unit 1 general revision

QuestionAnswer
What is the function of mRNA carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from nucleus to ribosome
What is the function of the ribosome Site of protein Synthesis
What is the function of tRNA Transports amino acids to the ribosome
What is a codon 3 bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
What is the name of the hydrogen carrier in aerobic respiration NAD
What are the 3 stages of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain
What are the "raw materials" for aerobic respiration Glucose and Oxygen
Where does Glycolysis take place Cytoplasm
Where would you find an anti-codon On tRNA
What is ATP made from ADP + Pi
Name 4 things required for DNA Replication DNA template DNA Nucleotides Primers DNA polymerase Ligase ATP
What base is present in DNA but absent in RNA Thymine
Why is DNA replication said to be "semi-conservative" because each daughter DNA molecule contains one strand of the original DNA molecule
What are the 2 Products of fermentation in animal cells Lactic Acid and ATP
What is transcription DNA to mRNA
Where does translation take place ribosome
What is translation mRNA to protein
Where does transcription take place Nucleus
Where does RNA splicing take place? Nucleus
What are primers Short strands of nucleotides that bind to the 3' end of the TEMPLATE strand and allow DNA polymerase to add nucleotides using complimentary base pairing.
What is the role of ATP in the energy investment phase? It is used to phosphorylate glucose and its intermediates.
What is the role of DNA polymerase? It adds nucleotides using complementary base pairing to the 3' end of the NEW STRAND forming.
What are the 2 co-enzymes involved in Aerobic respiration? Co-enzyme A and NAD
How can you distinguish a non-competitive inhibitor from a competitive inhibitor experimentally. non-competitive inhibition is NOT affected by increasing the substrate concentration.
Why does DNA replication result in a lag-strand Because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in one direction.
What are non-coding regions of the primary transcript called? Introns
What is "induced-fit". When the substrate joins an active site it triggers a change in the shape of the active site resulting in a better fit.
What 2 substances react together to form citrate in the citric acid cycle. Oxaloacetate and an acetyl group.
How does cancer develop When cells fail to listen to regulatory signals and divide excessively to form a mass of cells called a tumour.
What cells are pluripotent? Embryonic stem cells
What are primers in PCR Short strands of nucleotides that are complementary to the specific target sequences at the 2 sides of the region of DNA to be amplified.
What is cellular differentiation? This is the process whereby cells express certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that cell type.
What type of gene mutation results in a premature stop codon (Substitution) nonsense
What is feedback inhibition? When the end product in a metabolic pathway reaches a critical concentration and then inhibits an enzyme earlier on in the pathway thus preventing further production of the end product.
What is the problem with chromosome mutations? The substantial changes are often lethal.
What are anabolic reactions? smaller molecules to bigger molecules and require energy.
What is the role of dehydrogenase enzymes. Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them on to coenzyme NAD forming NADH.
Where does the citric acid cycle take place? Matrix of mitochondria
What is released as Citrate breaks back down to oxaloacetate? ATP, NADH and carbon dioxide
Created by: nscobie
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