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Med Terms 3
Cells, Tissues, and Cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ana- | up, toward, apart |
| dys- | bad, abdnormal, painful, difficult |
| epi- | upon, over, above, on top |
| hyper | excessive, abnormally high, above |
| meta- | after, change |
| neo- | new |
| aden/o | gland |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| chrom/o | color |
| cyt/o | cell |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| gen/o, gene/o | formation, cause produce |
| hist/o | tissue |
| lei/o | smooth |
| lip/o | fat, lipid |
| lymph/o | clear water or fluid |
| mal/o | bad |
| melan/o | dark, black |
| my/o | muscle |
| neur/o | sinew or cord, nerve, fascia |
| nucl/o, nucle/o | kernel, nucleus |
| onco/o | tumor |
| organ/o | tool |
| oste/o | bone |
| rhabd/o | rod |
| sarc/o | flesh, meat |
| thel/i | nipple |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -elle | small |
| -gen | producing, formation, causing |
| -genesis | origin, cause |
| -genic | pertaining to producing, formation, causing |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -logy | study of |
| -logist | one who studies |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | abnormal swelling, tumor |
| -osis | condition of |
| -plasia | shape, formation (its most common use is a suffix, although the word includes a root, plas, and suffix, -ia) |
| -plasm | something shaped (may also be used as a word root |
| -sarcoma | malignant tumor |
| -sis | state of |
| -some | body |
| -stasis | standing still (may also be used as a word root) |
| -um | pertaining to |
| cell | most basic living unit of the body |
| cytology | field of study concerned with the structure and function of cells |
| cytologist | a scientist or technician who studies cell structure and function |
| DNA | genetic material included in a cell's nucleus |
| genes | units that contain hereditary information |
| chromosome | a DNA structure usually in the shape of an X |
| parts of the cell include | smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, nucleus, centriole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi body |
| organelle | functional packets in the the thick fluid of the cytoplasm |
| three general cell parts | cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus |
| four general types of tissue | epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue |
| epithelium | consists of cells arranged closely together |
| glands | structures formed by secretory cells |
| secretion | release of substance produced by a cell |
| three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth and cardiac |
| neurons | specialized cells of the nervous tissue that carry information in the form of electrochemical impulses |
| neuroglial cells | supportive cells within the nervous system |
| chromosome | an X-shaped structure in a cell's nucleus that bears DNA; all human cells contain 46 chromosomes except mature sex cell, which contain 23 |
| cytoplasm | a thick fluid that contains organelles and forms the main substance of the cell |
| nucleus | the part of the cell that contains DNA |
| organ | a structure, made of two or more different types of tissue, that performs a general function in the body |
| organelle | small structures within the cytoplasm that perform most cell functions, such as the construction of molecules and the release and storage of energy |
| organism | the complete body that is capable of survival |
| epithelial tissue/ epithelium | tissue that consists of closely arranged cells that are flat, cube shaped, or columnar |
| cancer | a disease characterized by the aggressive, unregulated growth of abnormal cells and their spreading to other tissues |
| mutation | a change in the DNA that causes loss of regulated cell division |
| tumor or neoplasm | cluster of nonfunctioning cells; new growth of abnormal cells |
| malignant | an adjective that describes an aggressive, life-threatening, invasive tmor |
| benign | adjective that describes a noninvasive, slow-growing tumor; nonmalignant |
| myoma | a benign tumor of the muscle tissue |
| myosarcoma | malignant tumor of the muscle |
| lipoma | benign tumor of fat |
| liposarcoma | malignant tumor of fat |
| neuroma | a tumor that originates from nervous tissue |
| neurocarcinoma | a malignant tumor, or cancer, of nervous tissue |
| anaplasia | a loss of structural organization in a tissue that is permanent |
| dysplasia | abnormal tissue development |
| hyperplasia | an increase in the number of cells in a tissue, other than by tumor development |
| metastasis | the spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor |
| remission | improvement or absence of signs of disease |
| adenocarcinoma | a malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue; abbreviated Adeno-Ca |
| adenoma | a benign tumor of glandular epithelial cells |
| cancer in situ | cancer in the early stages prior to metastasis |
| in situ | generally mean confined to a place of origin |
| carcinogen | a substance that causes cancer |
| carcinoma | a cancer, or malignant tumor |
| epithelioma | a tumor that originates from epithelium, usually from the skin |
| fibroma | a benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue |
| fibrosarcoma | a malignant tumor that originates from fibrous connective tissue |
| leiomyoma | a benign tumor of smooth muscle |
| leiomyosarcoma | a malignant tumor that originates from smooth muscle |
| lipoma | a benign tumor of fat tissue |
| lymphoma | a malignant solid tumor of lymphoid tissue |
| melanoma | a cancer that bears a dark pigment, usually arising from pigment-producing cells of the skin |
| oncogenic | adjective that means causing tumors |
| osteosarcoma | a malignant cancer of bone |
| rhabdomyoma | a benign tumor that originates from skeletal muscle and consists of rod-shaped cells |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | a malignant tumor that originates from skeletal muscle |
| chemotherapy | treatment that uses drugs; abbreviated chemo |
| histologist | a scientist or technician who studies or identifies tissues |
| histology | the study of tissue |
| oncologist | a physician who specializes in the treatment of cancer |
| oncology | the study of tumors |
| palliative therapy | treatment to reduce the intensity of painful symptoms without producing a cure |
| radiotherapy | treatment of cancer that uses radioactive materials |
| chemotherapeutics | destroy metabolically active cells on the principle that cancer cells are more metabolically active than most healthy cells (carboplatin-Paraplatin, cyclophophamide- Cytoxan, fluorouracil-4-FU methotrexate- Folex & Mexate, paclitaxel; Taxol) |
| hormone therapy agents | prevent the growth, spread, and recurrence of certain glandular cancers such as breast cancer (fulvestrant-Faslodex, tamoxifen-Nolvadex, anastrozole-Arimidex, letrozole-Femara) |
| biological agents | boost the immune system against cancer cells by triggering the body's defense mechanisms (interferons-IFN, interleukins-IL, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines |
| adenocarcinoma | Adeno-Ca |
| cancer | CA |
| chemotherapy | chemo |
| metastasis | Mets |
| stage (of cancer development) | St |
| tumor, node, metastasis | TNM |
Created by:
Nicolekr
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