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Science vocabulary
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Animal cell | The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and are often called the "building blocks of life". ... |
| Plant cell | A cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant. |
| Bacterial cell | Bacterial cells are prokaryotes so they will not have a defined nucleus or an endomembrane system. |
| Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
| Ribosome | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Vesicle | A fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular. |
| Nucleus | The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| Chloroplast | (In green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Golgi apparatus | A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Cell membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Cell wall | A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Cytoskeleton | A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of membrane vesicles. |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum is a type of organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms that form an interconnected network of flattened, membrane enclosed sacs or tubes known as cisternae. The surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Lysosomes | An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| Centriole | A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Flagellum | A slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
| Capsule | A tough sheath or membrane that encloses something in the body, such as a kidney, a lens, or a synovial joint. |
| Prokaryotic cells | The prokaryotes are a group of organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. The organisms whose cells do have a nucleus are called eukaryotes. |
| Eukaryotic cells | A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes are formally the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. |
| Central vacuole | A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. |
| Organelles | A specialized cellular part (as a mitochondrion, lysosome, or ribosome) that is analogous to an organ. |
| Unicellular | Consisting of a single cell. |
| Multicellular | Having or consisting of many cells. |
| Cell theory | The theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann. |
| Nuclear membrane | A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. |
| Nuclear envelope | A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear membrane, nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. |
| Nucleolus | A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
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Colin0506
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