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BLBMicrochp1-2
chap1-2terms
| Prokaryote | Small cells (microorganisms), lacking special structures such as a nucleus and organelles. |
| Eukaryote | A microorganism that has a nuclear membrane (nucleus), organelles and mitotic cell division. |
| Ubiquitous | Present everywhere at the same time. |
| Photosynthesis | A process occurring in plants, algae, and some bacteria; traps the sun's energy and converts ito to ATP inthe cell. This energy is used to fix COx2 into organic compounds. |
| Genetic Engineering | A field involving deliberate alterations (recombinations) of the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals through special technological processes. |
| Bioremediation | Decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or consortia of microbes. |
| Pathogen | Any agent (unually virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth) that causes disease. |
| Scientific method | Principals and procedures for the systemic pursuit of knowledge, involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of a hypothesis. |
| Hypothesis | A tentative explanation of what has been observed or measured. |
| Theory | A collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event. |
| Sterile | Completely free of all life forms, including spores and viruses. |
| Taxonomy | The formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things. |
| Matter | All tangible materials that occupy space and have mass. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element to retain all the properties of that element. |
| Proton | An elementary particle that carries a positive charge. It is identical to the nucleus of the hydrogen atom. |
| Neutron | An electrically neutral particle in the nuclei of all atoms except hydrogen. |
| Electron | A negatively charged subatomic particle that is distributed around the nucleus in an atom. |
| Element | A substance comprising only one kind of atom that cannot be degraded into two or more substances without losing its chemical characteristics. |
| Isotope | A version of an element that is virtually identical in all chemical properties to another version except that their atoms have slightly different atomic masses. |
| Molecule | A distinct chemical substance that results from the combination of two or more atoms. |
| Covalent bond | A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms. |
| Polar | Term to describe a molecule with an asymmetrical distribution of charges. Such a molecule has a negative pole and a positive pole. |
| Ionic bond | A chemical bond in which electrons are transferred and not shared between atoms. |
| Anions | A negatively charged ion. |
| Cations | A positively charged ion. |
| Hydrogen bond | A weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of forces between molecules or atoms-in this case, hydrogen and either or oxygen or nitrogen. In this type of bond, electrons are not shared, lost, or gained. |
| Organic chemicals | Molecules that contain the basic framework of the elements carbon and hydrogen. |
| Inorganic chemicals | Molecules that lack the basic framework of the elements of carbon and hydrogen. |
| Functional groups | In chemistry, a particular molecular combination that reacts in predictable ways and confers particular properties on a compound. |
| Biochemistry | The study of organic compounds produced by (or components of) living things. The four main categories of biochemicals are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
| Carbohydrates | A compound containing primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar such as glucose that is a basic building block for more complex carbohydrates. |
| Polysaccharide | A carbohydrate that can be hydrolyzed into a number of monosaccharides. |
| Lipid | A term used to describe a variety of substances that are not soluble in polar solvents such as water but will dissolve in nonpolar solvents such as benzene and chloroform. Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes. |
| Phospholipid | A class of lipids that compose a major structural component of cell membranes. |
| Protein | Predominant organic molecule in cells, formed by long chains of amino acids. |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of protein; exist in 20 naturally occurring forms that impart different characteristics to the various proteins they compose. |
| Peptide | Molecule composed of short chains of amino acids, such as a dipeptide (two amino acids), a tripeptide (3), and a tetrapeptide (4). |
| Antibodies | A large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen. |
| DNA | The nucleic acid often referred to as the "double helix"; carries the master plan for an organism's heredity. |
| RNA | The nucleic acid responsible for carrying out the hereditary program transmitted by an organism"s DNA. |
| Nucleotides | Basic structural unit of DNA and RNA; consists of phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (DNA only), or uracil (RNA only). |
| ATP | |
| Adhesions* | |
| Cohesion* | |
| Solute* | |
| Solution* |
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bbatrez
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