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Bio Ch 6

Meiosis and Mendel

TermDefinition
Somatic Cell Also known as body cells
Gamete Sex cells
Homologous chromosome Two chromosomes, one inherited from the mother, one from the father that carry the same genes
Autosome Chromosome pairs 1-22
Sex chromosome Directly control the development of sexual characteristics
Sexual Reproduction Involves the fusion of two gametes that result in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents
Fertilization Fusion of the egg and sperm cell to form one nucleus
Diploid Means a cell has two copies of each chromosome
Haploid Means that a cell has only one copy of each chromosome
Meiosis A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into a haploid cell
Gametogenesis The production of gametes
Sperm Male gamete
Egg Female gamete
Polar Body Cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down
Trait Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited
Genetics The study of biological inheritance patterns and variations in organisms
Purebred Genetically uniform line
Cross In genetics, the mating of two organisms
Law of Segregation Two copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation
Gene A piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein
Allele Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus
Homozygous Two of the same alleles at a specific locus
Heterozygous Two different alleles at a specific locus
Genome All of an organisms genetic material
Phenotype Physical characteristics, or traits
Dominant The allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present
Recessive The allele that is only expressed when two copies are present
Punnett Square A grid system for predicting all possible genotypes from a cross
Monohybrid Cross Crosses that examine the inheritance of only one trait
Dihybrid Cross Crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits
Law of Independent Assortment States that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation
Probability The likelihood that a particular event will happen
Crossing Over The exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I
Genetic Linkage Genes located close together tend to be inherited together
Genotype Refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes
Test Cross A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive genotype
Created by: cormicanr
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