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common plant charact
common plant charactersistics q&a
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the basic differences between the shoot and the root? | Roots: brings in essential water and minerals from soil& anchors plant to the substrate. Shoot: includes all aerial plant structures (stems, leaves, flowers,fruits)& gathers carbon dioxide and light energy ,contains the plant's reproductive organs. |
| What are the ingredients and products of photosynthesis? | In the process of photosynthesis, the plant converts water, carbon dioxide, and light energy into oxygen, sugars, and more water. |
| What are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis called? | Organisms that produce their own organic nutrients are called autotrophs. |
| In the life cycle of plants, what is the multicellular diploid stage called? | The sporophyte |
| Where are jacket cells located and what is their function? | A layer of jacket cells covers the reproductive organs of terrestrial plants. Their function is to protect the sex organs (and gametes) from drying out in a terrestrial environment. |
| How do plants regulate water loss during gas exchange? | The stomata in the epidermis of leaves, through which gas exchange occurs, can open and close to prevent excessive evaporation of water into the environment. |
| In gymnosperms and angiosperms, spores of two distinct sexes are produced and give rise to sex-specific gametophytes. What is this phenomenon called? | Heterospory. |
| What is the difference between microspores and megaspores? | Microspores are spores that are specifically male and give rise to male gametophytes; megaspores, on the other hand, are specifically female and give rise to female gametophytes. |
| Define alternation of generations | The fluctuation between the diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte) life stages that occurs in plants. |
| Through what process do sporophytes generate spores? | Meiosis. |
| How does a pollen grain function in fertilization? | Pollen grains, or the male gametophytes of flowering plants, carry the sperm cells to the female reproductive organs. They are transported either by the wind (as in conifers) or by insects (as in most flowering plants). |
| What are the three main components of a seed, and from what are they derived? | The three components of the seed are the embryo, the food source (derived from gametophyte tissue in gymnosperms and from endosperm in angiosperms), and the seed coat (derived from the integument of the ovule). |
| What is the female reproductive organ of a flowering plant, and where must pollen land in order to fertilize the eggs it contains? | Pistils are the female reproductive organs of angiosperms, and pollen grains must land on their stigmas, or tips, in order to reach the egg cells. |
| Are ovaries characteristic of angiosperms or gymnosperms? What are their functions? | Ovaries, found in angiosperms, enclose the ovules and develop into fruits after fertilization. Ovaries protect the embryos from drying out and help in their dispersal. |
| How is cross-pollination encouraged in most angiosperms? | Cross-pollination is encouraged through differential development of the male and female gametophytes on a flower, or through the positioning of these gametophytes so that self-pollination is difficult. |
| Explain the difference between seed propagation and vegetative propagation. | seed propagation, reproduction occurs through embryos (contained in seeds) that are produced sexually.vegetative propagation, by contrast, plants reproduce asexually through (clones), which then develop into independent plants. |
| What are the advantages to vegetative propagation in comparison with seed propagation? | Vegetative propagation can occur more rapidly than seed propagation and can allow a genetically superior plant to produce unlimited copies of itself without variation. |
| What is the name for the process by which a severed plant part grows into a whole new plant? | Fragmentation. |
| List three kinds of specialized structures developed by some plants to allow vegetative propagation. | Tubers, runners, and bulbs. |
| What occurs at the nodes of runners? | Each node can give rise to new roots and shoots, so that an entirely new plant can develop. |
| What is grafting? | Grafting is an artificial form of vegetative propagation in which parts of two young plants are joined together, first by artificial means and then by tissue regeneration. |
| From a horticultural standpoint, what is the purpose of grafting? | Grafting often makes it possible to combine the best features of two different plants into a single plant. |
| When parts of two plants are grafted together, what is the root-providing plant called? | The stock. |
| When parts of two plants are grafted together, what is the rootless twig or bud called? | The scion. |
| Do the characteristics of the stock always affect those of the scion? | No; although this is sometimes the case, it is possible for the scion to retain independent characteristics after being grafted onto a stock with different characteristics. |
Created by:
vcopeland
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