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Plant Propagation

Plant

TermDefinition
Adventitious roots Roots that arise on aerial plant parts, underground stems, and old root parts
Adventitious buds (and shoots) Arise from any plant part other than terminal, lateral, or latent buds on stems. Unlike dormant buds, adventitious buds do not have a bud trace all the way to the pith. Adventitious bud is embryonic shoot
Adventitious organs Organs that rise from dedifferentiation of parenchyma cells. Organogenesis is indirect when originated from callus.
Cutting propagation Clonal multiplication of plants with propagules of stems, leaves, or roots.
de novo adventitious roots Roots that are formed anew from stem or leaf cells, from stimulus of usually wounding, to dedifferentiate leaf/stem cells into roots.
Burr knots Preformed roots that are not desirable and are selected against in apple rootstock breeding programs
Parenchyma cells Basic cells which differentiate into tiisues
Wound periderm Mass of callus cells forms protective layer behind wounded surface of cutting
meristemoid Cell or group of cells consisting of an active locus of meristematic activity in a tissue composed of somewhat older, differentiated cells; they can develop into root primordia or adventitious buds.
Anticlinal division Cell division that occurs when the cell wall plate is formed perpendicular to the circumference of the stem.
Sclerenchyma ring Composed of sclereid cells, highly lignified and used for structural support in the stem, in between phloem and cortex.
Lignin Abundant plant polymer in cell walls, provides structural support.
Direct root formation Cells in close proximity to vascular system form roots.
Indirect root formation Nondirected cell divisions, including callus formation, occur for an interim period before cells divide in an organized pattern to initiate adventitious root primordia.
Callus Irregular mass of parenchyma cells in various stages of lignification.
meristem titsue Tissue composed of undifferentiated cells that can continue to sythesize protoplasm and produce new cells by division
Preformed, primary meristems Groups of cells directly descended from embryonic cells that have never ceased to be involved in meristematic activity
Wound-induced, secondary meristems Groups of cells that have differentiated and functioned in some previous tissue, then dedifferentiate into new meristematic zones, de novo, to regenerate new plant organs
Suckers Formed from adventitious buds forming on roots of intact plants
Correlative effect Control of one organ over the development of another, mediated by phytohormones. Auxin produced in axillary buds important in root formation.
Rhizocaline Hypothetical chemical complex considered important in root formation.
Rest period Period of rest before buds can be formed
Rooting bioassay Response morphologically to chemical stimulation
T-DNA Plasmid inserted into plant genome of difficult-to-root species to make them easier to root.
Serial propagation Annual harvesting and rooting of cuttings from previously rooted plants to help maintain high root potential from generation to generation
Inducing rejuenations Useful for easily rooted juvenile.
Epigenetic change Heritable changes in gene expression, resulting in change in phenotype or physiology (adventitious rooting potential). No change in DNA structure, just activation of certain genes.
Etiolation Development of plants or plant parts in absence of light.
Girdling Constricting the stem, blocking root-promoting factors, resulting in increase in root initiation.
Plagiotropic Horizontal branchlike growth habit that is generally not horiculturally desirable.
Orthotropic Desirable, upright growth allowing production of symmetrical plants.
Competing sink Flower growth is a detriment to root growth.
Created by: tequa
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