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Skin & DM, terms 403
National University: Nursing Theory Jan 2014
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abrasion | scraping, rubbing away of epidermis - may result localized bleeding/weeping of serous fluid |
| Blanching | 1.Skin whitening due to: 2.Pressure 3.Vasoconstriction Hypotension |
| Debridement | removal of dead tissue from wound |
| Dehiscence | separation of wound's edges revealing the underlying tissue |
| Eschar | scab/dry crust from skin excoriation (skin scored) |
| Excoriation | abrasion of skin surface (scored) |
| Evisceration | protrusion of visceral organs through wound |
| Fistula | 1. abnormal passage from internal organ to body surface 2. abnormal passage between two internal organs |
| Granulation tissue | soft/pink/fleshy projections of tissue that form during the healing process in a wound that is not healing by primary intention |
| Primary intention | initial union of wound edges that progress to complete scar formulation without granulation |
| Hematoma | collection of blood trapped in tissues of skin/organ |
| Hemostasis | termination of bleeding 1. by mechanical 2. chemical means 3. coagulation process of the body (blood stays = stops) |
| Induration | hardening of tissue, particularly skin, because of edema/inflammation |
| Laceration | torn/jagged wound |
| Pressure ulcer | inflammation/sore/ulcer in skin over bony prominence |
| Decubitus | pressure sore from laying down |
| Purulent | producing/containing pus |
| Suppurative | generation of pus |
| Sanguineous | fluid containing RBCs |
| Secondary Intention | wound closure with separated edges causing granulation to fill the gaps epithelium grows over granulation forming a larger scar than if healed by primary intention |
| Serosanguineous | RBC containing fluid WITH SERUM |
| Serous | clear (plasma like) fluid forming exudate at the site of inflammation |
| Exudates | fluid/cells/other substances that have been slowly discharged from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membrane |
| Shearing force | FRICTION exerted when a person is moved/repositioned in bed by being pulled or allowed to slide down in bed |
| Slough | shedding of dead tissue cells |
| Sutures | wound closing similar to sewing |
| Tertiary Intention | delayed wound healing |
| Tissue ischemia | point at which tissue receive insufficient oxygen and perfusion |
| Vacuum assisted closure | treatment for surgical wounds where a pump applies negative pressure to a wound space via tube inserted into wound. Pump is secured in place with disposable sponge covered by a vapor-permeable dressing |
| Erythema | redness/inflammation of skin/mucous membranes resulting from dilation/congestion of superficial capillaries (AKA sunburn) |
| Excoriation | skin injury due to abrasion |
| indurated | hardened tissue (sink) due to edema, inflammation, or infiltration by a tumor |
| Integument | skin (DEC - dermis, epidermis, and 4 appendages 1.hair 2.nails 3.sweat glands 4.sebaceous glands |
| Turgor | normal resiliency of skin cause by outward pressure of cells and interstitial fluid |
| Edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissue (AKA swelling) |
| Exudates | fluid/cells/other substances that have slowly been discharged from cells or blood vessels through small pores/breaks in cell membranes (CELLULAR LEVEL) |
| Hyperlipidemia | excessive lipid blood level |
| Hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood sugar levels,resulting in: 1.decreased wound healing 2.decreased ability to fight infection 3.worsens neurological deficits 4.increased risk of death in critically ill patients |
| Hyperglycemia damages which organs? | 1.kidneys 2.peripheral nerves 3.retinae 4.blood vessels 5.heart |
| Glucagon is found where? | polypeptide hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreas |
| What does Glucagon do? | Increases blood glucose level by stimulating LIVER to change store glycogen into glucose |
| Why is Glucagon important? | 1. Opposes action of insulin 2. DM pts inject to reverse a. hypoglycemic reactions b. insulin shock 3. Increases use of fats & excess amino acids (proteins) for energy production (Atkins?) |
| Polyuria | abnormally high volume of urine |
| what is polydipsia? | excessive thirst |
| What are the s/s of Polydipsia | 1. dehydration 2. hyperglycemia 3. hypovolemia |
| Polyphagia | gluttony |
| Microvascular | smallest arterioles & venules capillary network |
| Macrovascular | largest arteries and veins 1. Aorta, 2. coronary arteries 3. inferior/superior vena cava |
| Neuropathy | inflammation/degeneration of peripheral nerves altering sensory/motor function |
| Retinopathy definition? | noninflammatory retinal damage or disease |
| Retinopathy left untreated causes? | Gradual loss of vision and eventual blindness |
| Retinopathy results from? | Caused by systemic illnesses: 1. hypertension 2. Diabetes Millitus |
| Nephropathy definition | kidney disease |
| Nephropathy causes which diseases | 1. nephritis (inflammation of kidney) 2. nephrosis (degeneration of kidney) 3. sclerotic lesions (kidney scaring |
| Preparandial | before a meal |
Created by:
Shelley.Castellino
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