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Chromosomes 3- (1)

Chromosomes and Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
Where are chromosomes found? In eukaryotic cells that are preparing to divide.
Different _____ (containing DNA) are located at different parts of the chromosome. Genes
How many pair of chromosomes do humans have? 23 (22 autosomal, 1 pair of sex chromosomes)
How many chromatids and centromeres does each chromosome consist of? 2 chromatids; 1 centromere
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis- autosomal, meiosis- sex
Chromosomes are spread out inside of the ______ of each cell in the body. Nucleus
What is a karyotype used for? It is used to organize chromosomes into their pairs.
How are chromosome pairs organized? Length, banding patterns, and centromere location.
_______ results from sexual reproduction. Fertilization
A(n) _____ cell (with 23 chromosomes) unites with a(n) _____ (that has 23 chromosomes)and forms a ________. Sperm; egg; zygote
What are gametes? Sex cells
Why are the gametes haploid (half)? They have half of the chromosomes of the zygote.
Why is a zygote a diploid? It has 46 chromosomes, twice as many as each gamete.
The zygote divides to form the ______. Embryo
The embryo undergoes ______ to make ______ cells and _______ to make ______ cells. mitosis, somatic; meiosis, germ
Meiosis occurs as a result of ______ chromosomes coming together after sexual reproduction. Homologous
How many haploid cells does meiosis create? 4
The 4 haploid cells created by meiosis contain a _______ of chromosomes from _____ _______ that have ______ _____ at a ______. mixture; both parents; that have crossed over at a chiasma
What happens when chromosomes are mixed? Different genes are mixed to produce unique gene combinations in sex cells.
What are the phases of meiosis? Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase I
What happens in prophase I of meiosis? Homologous chromosomes begin crossing over to form unique chromatids.
What does "crossing over" do? It allows for greater genetic diversity that can increase the survival of individuals within a population.
What happens in metaphase I? Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
What happens in anaphase I? Chromosomes separate as the microfiliments attach to the centromeres to pull the chromosomes toward the poles.
What happens in telophase I? 2 haploid daughter cells form from the parent cell.
What has to occur to produce 4 haploid cells? Meiosis II has to repeat the steps of meiosis I to make 4 haploid daughter cells.
Created by: 1363097164
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