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8Sci_Earth Science
Earth History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the process of an igneous rock formation? | Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma inside the earth and the cooling of lava on the surface of the earth |
| What is the best predictor of the relative age of a layer of rock? | The position of the layer |
| If a sample of soil contains a lot of igneous rocks, what feature is most likely nearby? | A volcano |
| What physical feature is associated with the study of plate tectonics? | Faults |
| Is the bottom layer of sedimentary rock layers older or younger? | Older |
| Is the top layer of sedimentary rock layers older or younger? | Younger |
| What would be the relative age of a fossil found in a sedimentary rock bed? | The fossil was formed around the same time as the rock that contains it |
| If a sandstone is found on a hillside what conclusion can be made about the hillside? | That region was once covered with water |
| What would you call an irregular shaped rock formation found within a group of parallel rock layers? | A lava intrusion |
| What is the Principle of Superposition? | They youngest rock layer is found on top, and the older layers are found closer to the center of the earth |
| How will a fault affect the appearance of horizontal rock layers? | The layers will appear broken and shifted due to a fault |
| What is an intrusive rock? | An igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of lava deep inside the earth |
| What is a foliated metamorphic rock? | It is a type of rock or fold reflecting the realignment of crystals caused by heat and pressure |
| Which method is used to determine the relative age of rock layers? | The principle of superposition |
| How do thrust faults violate the law of superposition? | Older layers of rock are moved onto younger layers of rock |
| What would scientists study to be able to construct a graph of changes to sea level over geologic time? | Sedimentary layers |
| If layer "B" is 50,000 years old and layer "D" is 20,000 years old, which layer is the oldest? | Layer D |
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? | By hardening and cementing of layers of sediment |
| Which of the following eras is known as the "Age of Mammals"? | Cenozoic |
| Which method would be best for scientists to use to determine the absolute age of a Precambrian igneous rock? | radiometric dating |
| What is the best possible explanation for how abrupt changes in rock layers could happen? | impact of large asteroid |
| Which is most likely to provide information about the Earth's past climates | ice cores |
| A student is visiting a local limestone quarry and finds fossils of seashells. The quarry is located hundreds of mile from the ocean. The fossils best indicate that --- | this area was once below sea level. |
| Which can scientists infer when they find marine fossils on top of mountains? | The mountains were created by an uplifting of tectonic plates. |
| Which type of rock forms from the cooling of lava? | igneous |
| Where is evidence most often found to represent a record of Earth's history? | rocks, fossils, and ice cores |
| What role do faults play in the Law of Superposition? | Faults are younger than the layers they cut through. |
| A rock cliff of parallel rock layers is slanted at an angle. What is this most likely evidence of? | fault |
| An irregularly shaped rock formation is found within a group of parallel rock layers. What most likely created this formation? | lava intrusion |
| Where would evidence of earthquakes most often be found throughout Earth's history? | along fault lines |
| Many fossils of large amphibians were found in an area that is currently barren desert. Which is most likely true? | The climate of the area was once much wetter than it is now. |
| Throughout Earth's history, igneous rocks have been most closely associated with which landform? | volcano |
| Paleontologists construct a model of a dinosaur from its fossil bones and teeth. The fossil bones and teeth tell us all of the following except | skin color |
| Which chemical compound is present in an ice core sample? | carbon dioxide |
| Which characteristic of carbon-14 dating helps scientists determine the approximate time a species became extinct? | Carbon-14 decreases at a constant rate over time. |
| Carbon 14 has a half life of 5,730 years. If a fossil sample has 25% of the original carbon 14 in it, how old is the fossil? | 11,460 years old |
| Why are index fossils good clues for identifying when rocks were formed? | They only existed during specific periods of time. |
| What is the relative age of an igneous rock intrusion between domed layers of sedimentary rock? | It is younger than the sedimentary rock. |
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? | By hardening and cementing of layers of sediment |
| Which makes a good index fossil? | a fossil that lived during only one geologic time period |
| In what type of rock is an index fossil most likely found? | sedimentary |
| Which best explains the significance of the trilobite as an index fossil? | They are fossils that indicate a certain era in geologic time. |
| Which are scientists most likely to use to estimate the age of Earth? | rock layers |
Created by:
masonteach
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