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meiosis key terms

meiosis biology 101

TermDefinition
Anaphase 1 * 4th stage of M1(meiosis I) *maternal AND paternal homologous pairs are separated on microtubules.
Anaphase 2 *4th stage of the M2(meiosis II) *maternal OR paternal sister chromatids are separated on microtubules.
Chiasma The region of physical linkage between maternal and paternal homologous pairs during genetic reassortment. Marks the location of crossover between two nonsister chromatids.
Diploid number The total number of chromosomes present in a cell.
Gametes Cells with the haploid number of chromosomes& are created out of germ cells. The sperm and eggs involved in sexual reproduction .
Genetic Reassortment A process in which DNA packaged as a chromosome is broken and fragments are exchanged with another independent chromosome. Occurs during Prophase 1 of meiosis.
Germ cell Cells that lead to the production of gametes. Produced by meiosis.
Haploid number The number of unique chromosomes or homologous pairs in a cell. Half the diploid number.
Homologous pair Refers to two similar chromosomes in a diploid cell. One chromosome is derived from the father gamete cell and the other from the mother gamete.
Meiosis A type of cellular reproduction that results in the formation of four haploid cells from one diploid cell. Contains two cellular divisions that follow only one round of DNA replication. The type of reproduction that produces germ cells
Metaphase 1 -3rd stage of M1 (meiosis I) - chromosomes align at the center of the cell by way of microtubule force.
Metaphase 2 -3rd stage of M2(meiosis II) -chromosomes align at the center of the cell by way of microtubule force.
Microtubule One of three protein components of the cytoskeleton. Long, cylindrical structures approximately 25 nanometers in diameter. Extend from the centrosome to all parts of the cell, forming tracks on which organelles can travel within the cell.
Prometaphase 1 - 2nd stage of M1 (meiosis I) -the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing microtubule access to chromosomes.
Prometaphase 2 -2nd stage of M1(meiosis I) -microtubules attach to chromosomes.
Prophase 1 -1st stage of M1(meiosis I) -genetic reassortment takes place. Can be very long occupying up to 90% of the entire duration of meiosis.
Prophase 2 -1st, brief stage of M2 (meiosis II) - condensed chromosomes are visible.
Sister chromatid Refers to the copy of a chromosomes that results from DNA replication and is still closely linked to its original.
Somatic cell - Any plant or animal cell that is not a germ cell. -The class of cell formed during mitosis.
Telophase 1 -5th & Final stage of m1(meiosis I) -chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to recondense.
Telophase 2 -5TH & Final stage of M2 (meiosisII) -chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope begins to reform, and the chromosomes begin to recondense.
5 stages of Meiosis 1.Prophase 2.Prometaphase 3.Metaphase 4.Anaphase 5.Telophase
Created by: vcopeland
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