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intracellular terms
biology 101 terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Actin | A very abundant protein in eukaryotic cells that is the main component of actin filaments. |
| Actin Filaments | Approximately 5-9 nanometers in diameter. Provide structural support to the plasma membrane. As a cytoskeletal protein provides for movement of organelles within cells. |
| Centromere | A round structure that holds together sister chromatids. |
| Centrosome | A region of the cell near the nucleus from which microtubules sprout. |
| Chromosome | A structure composed of DNA and proteins containing all the genetic material of a cell. Found in the cell nucleus. |
| Cytoplasm | A fluid found in the main compartment of eukaryotic cells. Includes everything outside the cell nucleus but the organelles and the cytoskeleton. The main component is cytosol. |
| Cytoskeleton | A system of protein filaments found throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that help provide for cell structure. Composed of actin, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. |
| Cytosol | The main component of the cytoplasm that fills the main compartment of eukaryotic cells. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Makes direct contact with the cell nucleus and, since it is dotted with ribosomes, is the site of lipid and protein synthesis. Comes in two forms, smooth and rough. |
| Endosome | A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Responsible for delivering molecules to the lysosome for digestion. |
| Eukaryote | An organism composed of one or more cells with defined intracellular components including a nucleus and cytosol. Includes all organisms except bacteria and viruses. |
| Golgi apparatus | A membrane-bound organelle found near the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for secretion to various destinations in the cell. |
| Intermediate filament | One of three protein components of the cytoskeleton. A fibrous protein filament approximately 10 nanometers in diameter. Forms the nuclear lamina that helps protect the cell nucleus. |
| Intermembrane space | The space between the outer and inner membrane in a mitochondria. |
| Lysosome | A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Contain acids and enzymes that degrade unwanted molecules. |
| Matrix | The space inside the inner membrane of mitochondria. |
| Microtubule | One of three protein components of the cytoskeleton. Long, cylindrical structures approximately 25 nanometers in diameter. Extend from the centrosome to all parts of the cell, forming tracks on which organelles can travel within the cell. |
| Microtubule | Microtubules can be either kinetocore microtubules or non-kinetocore microtubules. Kinetocore microtubules bind to sister chromatids during mitosis; non-kinetocore microtubules do not. |
| What are the main functions of the cytosol and cytoskeleton? | The cytosol is the site of protein synthesis and the cytoskeleton helps provide intracellular structure and helps with organelle movement in cells. |
| In what way is the function of the cytoskeleton similar to the function of the lipid bilayer? | The lipid bilayer provides the structure of the cell membrane. Similarly, the cytoskeleton helps provide the structure of the interior of the cell. |
| The cytosol makes up most of what intracellular component? The cytoplasm. | The cytoplasm. |
| Name the three proteins that compose the cytoskeleton. Which of these is responsible for forming the nuclear lamina? | The three types of protein filaments are actin molecules, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments form the nuclear lamina. |
Created by:
vcopeland
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