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Cell Cycle

Unit 6: Cellular Division

QuestionAnswer
homologous chromosome Chromosomes that are the same size, shape and control the same function. You receive one from mom and the other from dad.
autosome The first 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a somatic cell. They do not control the sex of an organism.
sex chromosome The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
XX Female sex chromosomes
XY Male sex chromosomes
Interphase The period of growth and DNA synthesis before and after mitosis. If a cell is not dividing, it is in this phase of the cell cycle.
DNA synthesis A portion of interphase where the DNA is copied in preparation for cellular division.
centromere The center of a chromosome that holds two sister chromatids together.
chromatid One-half of a chromosome that is identical to the other half.
anaphase The third phase of mitosis, where chromosomes are split. The separated sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
telophase The fourth (and last) phase of mitosis, where two nuclei form inside the cells.
metaphase The second phase of mitosis, where chromosomes line up at the equator (middle) of the cell.
prophase The first phase of mitosis, where DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope disappears.
cytokinesis Cell process following meiosis or mitosis in which the cell's cytoplasm divides and separates into new cells.
chromosome An X-shaped structure composed (made of) DNA. They are formed in the nucleus during cellular division.
DNA A nucleic acid that is composed of nucleotides. It contains four types of nitrogen bases called adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. It contains a sugar called deoxyribose. It is the molecule that codes for proteins in all living things.
deoxyribonucleic acid A nucleic acid that is composed of nucleotides. It contains four types of nitrogen bases called adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. It contains a sugar called deoxyribose. It is the molecule that codes for proteins in all living things.
karyotype A picture of all the chromosome pairs in a nucleus lined up by size. This picture is used to determine the sex of the organism and to determine if the organism has the correct number of chromosomes for its species.
Created by: Biomonsters
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