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Common skin lesions
common skin lesions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| macule | a well-cincrumscribed flat, discolored area .5 cm in diameter may be brown, red, blue, white, yellow or pink |
| patch | larger, flat, discolored area |
| vitiligo | autoimmune conditions of unknown cause characterized by loss of melanocytes and pigment from affected tissue (die or won't function) |
| vitiligo clinical | depigmented macules or patches with distinct and hyper-pigmented margins |
| vitiligo treatment | a. topical or systemic UVA or UVB phototherapy b. autologous mini grafts transplanting melanocytes |
| ephelides | freckles small less than .5 cm tan to brown discrete macules on sun exposed skin |
| ephelides histopathology | melanocytes are 1/3 elss abundant but there is a greater number of melanosomes that are large, elongated, or rod shaped |
| ephelides treatment | none, but one may use Trichloroacetic or cosmetics to cover them up |
| cafe au lait macules | discrete, pale brown macules and patches that vary in size from .2-2cm |
| cafe au lait macules clinical | a. melanin pigmented patches of skin with irregular margins and a uniform brown color c. not of significance itself but may be a part of a more serious condition |
| cafe au lait macules histopathology | increase in number of morphologically normal melanocytes with macromelanosomes |
| solar lentigo | liver spot benign, irregularly shaped hyper-pigmented macule that are darker than ephelides |
| solar lentigo clinical | a. benign melanotic macule that occurs exclusively on sun-damaged skin (especially face and hands) |
| solar lentigo histopathology | incrase in melanocyte density with an increase in pigmentation of the basal cell layer |
| solar lentigo treatment | a. b. cosmetic: cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or laser |
| melasma | mask of pregnancy an acquired hypermelanosis commonly noted in women who are pregnant or taking birth control pills |
| melasma clinical | a. symmetrical hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed skin of face and neck |
| melasma histopathology | shows an increase in melanin within basal keratinocytes |
| melasma treatment | a. bleaching with 3% hydroquinone and tretinoin b. may spontaneously resolve after pregnancy or cessation of birth control pills |
| erysipelas | st. anthony's fire an acute superficial cellulitis characterized by impairment of lymphatic vessel drainage that is due to strep A in children, strep B in neonates, or S. aureus |
| erysipelas clinical | a. common in infants, children and elderly, as well as immunocompromised b. bright to dusky red, warm, shiny skin that is indurated and edematous c. d. may see fever, malaise, and leukocytosis |
| erysipelas treatment | oral or IV antibiotics depending on the severity |
| telangiectasia | permanently dilated dermal blood vessels |
| telangiectasia treatment | sclerotherapy or laser therapy |
| petechiae | tiny, red macules that represent punctate hemorrhages in the dermis and that disappear after cause has ceased |
Created by:
fuggahmup
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