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Pharm Fundamentals
Pharmacology Fundamentals and Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | The study of drugs |
| Pharmacotherapy | The use of drugs to treat or prevent disease |
| Pharmacokinetics | The effects of the human body on a drug |
| Pharmacodynamics | The effects of a drug on a human body |
| Potency | The relative dosage necessary to elicit a pharmacologic effect |
| Efficacy | The maximum possible effect relative to other agents |
| Agonist | A drug that stimulates a given receptor or enzyme, eliciting an effect |
| Antagonist | A drug that inhibits a given receptor or enzyme, blocking the effects that occur via stimulation |
| Therapeutic | What action does it have on the body |
| Pharmacologic | What class of drugs does it belong to |
| Indications | What is it typically used to treat |
| Action | What is the proposed mechanism of action |
| ADME | Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination |
| Half Life | How much time must pass before the serum concentration is reduced by one half |
| Contraindications | Diseases or situations in which the risk outweighs the benefit of the drug |
| Precaution | Diseases or situations in which the drug may be warranted, but extra monitoring should be done |
| Adverse Effects/Side Effects | Unintended effects of the drug that will adversely affect the patient |
| Interactions | Other drugs/foods that may increase or decrease the plasma concentrations of the drug |
| Chemical Name | Long name, relates to the chemical structure of the drug molecule |
| Generic Name | Name "invented" by the drug's initial manufacturer. Will identify the drug for life, on or off patent |
| Brand Name (Trade Name) | Name "invented" by the drug's maker and submitted to the FDA for approval |
| OTC | "Over the Counter". Do not require a prescription |
| Legend (Rx) | Require a prescription from an authorized prescriber |
| Pregnancy Category A | No fetal risk according to well controlled studies. Example: levothyroxine |
| Pregnancy Category B | No fetal risk in animals according to studies, no data in humans OR studies have shown risk in animals, but studies have NOT shown risk in humans. Example: metformin, Oxybutynin |
| Pregnancy Category C | No studies have been conducted in animals or humans OR there have been risks in animal studies. Example: albuterol, sertraline, fluoxetine, NSAIDs |
| Pregnancy Category D | Studies have shown risk in humans, but benefit MAY outweigh. Example: tetracycline, paroxetine, diazepam, ACE inhibitors |
| Pregnancy Category X | Positive fetal risk in humans. Contraindicated. Example: isotretinoin, Lipitor "statins", estradiol, warfarin |
Created by:
Wildflower24
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