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Pharm Fundamentals

Pharmacology Fundamentals and Terms

TermDefinition
Pharmacology The study of drugs
Pharmacotherapy The use of drugs to treat or prevent disease
Pharmacokinetics The effects of the human body on a drug
Pharmacodynamics The effects of a drug on a human body
Potency The relative dosage necessary to elicit a pharmacologic effect
Efficacy The maximum possible effect relative to other agents
Agonist A drug that stimulates a given receptor or enzyme, eliciting an effect
Antagonist A drug that inhibits a given receptor or enzyme, blocking the effects that occur via stimulation
Therapeutic What action does it have on the body
Pharmacologic What class of drugs does it belong to
Indications What is it typically used to treat
Action What is the proposed mechanism of action
ADME Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination
Half Life How much time must pass before the serum concentration is reduced by one half
Contraindications Diseases or situations in which the risk outweighs the benefit of the drug
Precaution Diseases or situations in which the drug may be warranted, but extra monitoring should be done
Adverse Effects/Side Effects Unintended effects of the drug that will adversely affect the patient
Interactions Other drugs/foods that may increase or decrease the plasma concentrations of the drug
Chemical Name Long name, relates to the chemical structure of the drug molecule
Generic Name Name "invented" by the drug's initial manufacturer. Will identify the drug for life, on or off patent
Brand Name (Trade Name) Name "invented" by the drug's maker and submitted to the FDA for approval
OTC "Over the Counter". Do not require a prescription
Legend (Rx) Require a prescription from an authorized prescriber
Pregnancy Category A No fetal risk according to well controlled studies. Example: levothyroxine
Pregnancy Category B No fetal risk in animals according to studies, no data in humans OR studies have shown risk in animals, but studies have NOT shown risk in humans. Example: metformin, Oxybutynin
Pregnancy Category C No studies have been conducted in animals or humans OR there have been risks in animal studies. Example: albuterol, sertraline, fluoxetine, NSAIDs
Pregnancy Category D Studies have shown risk in humans, but benefit MAY outweigh. Example: tetracycline, paroxetine, diazepam, ACE inhibitors
Pregnancy Category X Positive fetal risk in humans. Contraindicated. Example: isotretinoin, Lipitor "statins", estradiol, warfarin
Created by: Wildflower24
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