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6th grade science
Astronomy- 6th grade-chapter 4- Abeka- Malia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Astronomy | The study of the stars, planets, and all other heavenly bodies |
| Astronomers | Scientists who study outer space |
| Vaccum | An area holding no air or any other matter |
| Friction | The force that resists motion |
| Space is without ________ | Friction |
| Name one reason that no one can live in space. | Extreme temperature |
| Milky Way | The barred spiral galaxy in which we live |
| Local Group | The cluster of about 40 galaxies including the Milky Way. |
| Andromeda galaxy | A slightly larger galaxy than the Milky Way that is located in the Local Group; the most distant object that can be seen with the naked eye |
| What are the three galaxies closest two ours? | Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy and the Large Magellanic cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. |
| Give the definition of spiral galaxies. | A galaxy that looks like a giant pinwheel spinning through the void of space; has a central nucleus that resembles a flattened ball, to which are attached long, curved arms, and contains large amounts of gas and dust |
| Define barred spiral galaxies. | A spiral galaxy in which the spiral arms are attached to a straight "bar" that runs through the center of the galaxy |
| Define elliptical galaxies. | Galaxies that look like eggs or foot balls and some are almost spherical (round). |
| Irregular galaxies | A galaxy composed of stars clumped together in no definite shape, as in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. |
| Nebulae (singular:nebula) | A large cloud of gas and dust in space. |
| Constellation | The stars outlining an imaginary picture in the sky. |
| Polaris | A star in the constellation Ursa Minor that is the North Star, or Pole star. |
| Axis of rotation | An imaginary line around which the earth rotates that stretches from pole to pole through the interior of the earth. |
| The Great Bear (Ursa Major) | An easily recognizable constellation in the Northern Hemisphere that contains the Big Dipper; |
| Big dipper | A familiar saucepan-shaped grouping of stars in the constellation Ursa Major |
| Pointers | The two outer stars in the Big Dipper's bowl |
| The Little Bear (Ursa Minor) | More commenly called the 'little dipper' this constellation contains Polaris, and can be Seen on dark nights nearly all year for most of the United States |
| Queen Cassiopeia | A constellation named after a mythical queen of Ethiopia, it looks more like a letter of the alphabet that a person. It is made of five bright stars, it looks like a M or W |
| King Cepheus | A five sided constellation named after Cassiopeia's husband looks like a house with a sharply pointed roof |
| Andromeda | A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere that seems to depict the figure of a lady bound with a chain |
| Great Square | A group of stars in the constellations Andromeda and Pegasus |
| Perseus | A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere seen during the winter that is named for a mythical hero who rescued Andromeda. |
| Algol | A bright, variable star in the constellation Perseus |
| Pegasus | A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere that is named after a flying horse in Greek mythology. |
| Leo the lion | A constellation in the Northern Hemishere seen close to the eastern horison on winter nights |
| Regulus | Brightest star in the constellation Leo that marks one of the lion's front paws. |
| Sickle | The bright stars that outline the constellation Leo's head. |
| The Swan (Cygnus) | A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere located on the other side of the big Dipper in the Milky Way. |
| Deneb | A white super-giant star that is the brightest star in the constellation Cygnus. |
| Northern Cross | A group of stars formed by the five brightest stars in the Swan. |
| The Twins (Gemini) | Resembles twin brothers holding hands. It's two brightest stars are Castor and Pollux,to find this constellation imagine a line drawn diagonally through the Big Dipper's bowl and outward from the bottom right corner. The line will lead to Pollux. |
| The Dragon (Draco) | A constellation that looks like a dragon and curves around the Little Dipper |
| The Hunter (Orion) | The brightest of all the constellations, Orion has Betelgeuse, Rigel, and Great Nebula as parts of his body or armor. |
| What does Orion hold or have as a source of protection? | A club, a shield, and a sword. |
| The Bull | one of the fiercest character in the sky is the bull. He has horns and a bright red and orange star for the eye named Aldebaran. |
| Plediades | a star cluster located in the constellation Taurus |
| The Big Dog (Canis Major) | A constellation in the Northern hemisphere that is located near Orion |
| Sirius | The brightest star in the night sky, located in the constellation Canis Major |
| The Scorpion (Scorpius) | A constellation in the Southern Hemisphere that looks like a scorpion |
| Antares | The brightest star of the scorpion whose name means "rival of Mars."This stars brightness and fiery red color often cause people to confuse it with the planet Mars. |
| (Sagittarius) The Archer | Near Scorpius, the constellation aims his bow and arrow at Scorpius as if about to slay him |
| The brightest stars in the constellation Sagittarius make up these two grouping of stars. | Milk Dipper or Teapot |
| Centaurus | A large constellation in the Southern Hemisphere that resembles a centaur, a mythical creature with the body of a horse and the chest, arms, and head of a man. Centaurus is too far south to be seen by most northern observers. |
| Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri | the two front feet of the Centaur; Alpha Centauri is actually a group of three stars. |
| Proxima Centauri | The smallest star in Alpha Centauri; Besides the sun, it is the closest star to Earth. |
| Southern Cross | A group of four very bright stars that is The most familiar sight in the sky of the Southern Hemisphere; has an upright var that points nearly due south. |
| Sun | The star that lies in the center of our solar system. |
| How far away is the sun from the Earth? | 93 million miles |
| Describe the suns core. | The central, hottest region of the sun |
| Granule | A bubble of rising gas that rises to the surface of the sun and gives the sun's face a speckled or granulated look. |
| Photoshere | The sun's visible surface; "Sphere of light" |
| Sunspots | A patch of gas on the sun's surface that is cooler than the rest of the sun and therefore not as bright |
| Solar eclipse | an event that occurs when the earth's moon passes between the sun and the earth, momentarily blocking the sun's |
| Chromosphere | The part of the sun's atmosphere closest to the sun's surface; "sphere of color |
| Spicules | Faint "spikes" of hydrogen gas that commonly rise from the sun's chromosome to a height of several thousand miles. |
| Solar prominences | A huge loop or streamer of cooler gas that erupts thousands of miles from the sun's chromosphere. |
| Solar flares | Tremendous bursts of energy on the sun caused by sudden changes in the sun's magnetic field. |
| Corona | A haze of very hot gases that extends hundreds of thousands of miles from the surface of the sun; the hottest region of the sun's atmosphere. |
| Solar wind | A stream of potentially harmful particles that flows constantly from the surface of the sun, formed by particles of gas escaping into space at high speed. |
| Light year | The distance light travels in one year; a unit for measuring distances in space equal to about 5.9 trillion miles. |
| Magnitude | The brightness of a star. |
| Absolute magnitude | The actual brightness of a star; how much light a star produces. |
| Apparent magnitude | The apparent brightness of a star as seen from Earth. |
| How can you tell a stars brightness by it's color? | Red star- 5,000 Degrees. (Fahrenheit) Yellow star- 10,000 Degrees. (Fahrenheit) White- 20,000 Degrees. (Fahrenheit) Blue star- 40,000 Degrees. (Fahrenheit) |
| Binary Star | A group of two stars that circle around each other just as the moon circles around the earth; a double star. |
| Optical double | A pair of stars that appear very close together from our perspective on the earth, but which are actually far apart. |
| Supernova | The violent explosion of a star |
| Nova | Occurs when a star suddenly flares up many times its original brightness. |
| Planet | Any of the nine large heavenly bodies that orbit the sun. |
| Ptolemy,Claudius | An ancient Greek astronomer who believed in an earth-centered universe. |
| Earth-centered universe | the erroneous view that all heavenly bodies-stars,planets,sun, and moon-revolve around a stationary earth. |
| Orbit | To revolve around. |
| Copernicus, Nicolaus | a Polish astronomer who believed in a sun-centered universe. |
| Sun-centered system | The view that all planets orbit the sun. |
| Johannes Kepler | A German astronomer who discovered that planets travel in elliptical orbits; he also formulated the three laws of planetary motion. |
| Ellipse | A symmetrically shaped oval. |
| Foci | Two points inside an ellipse. |
| 1st law of planetary motion | This law states that an object in motion will continue moving in the same direction and at the same speed unless an outside force acts upon it. |
| 2nd law of planetary motion | This law states that as a planet moves closer to the sun, it travels faster; and as it moves farther away, it slows down |
| 3rd law of planetary motion | This law shows the relationship between a planet's distance from the sun and the time it takes the planet to complete on orbit. |
| Astromnical unit | The distance between the earth and the sun; equal to 93 million miles. |
| Do the inner or outer planets travel faster? | The inner planets. |
| Sir Isaac Newton | The scientist who discovered the law of universal gravitation and that sunlight is a combination of many colors, developed the reflecting telescope, and discovered the three laws of motion. |
| Gravity | The force of attraction that exists between any two objects. |
| Law of universal gravitation | The strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses (the amount of matter they contain) and the distance between them. |
| Moon | (1) Any natural heavenly body that orbits a planet. (2) The large natural satellite that orbits the earth. |
| Solar system | the sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit it. |
| Inner Planets | The planets closest to the sun and made mainly of rocks and metals; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. |
| Outer planets | The term for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,Neptune, and Pluto; except for Pluto, the outer planets are much larger than the inner planets and are composed mainly of liquids and gases. |
| Name all the planets in order. | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. |
| What two planets have no moons? | Venus and Mercury. |
| Revolution | a single orbit around the sun or another heavenly body. |
| Solar year | The length of the earth's revolution around the sun, equal to 365 1/4 days. |
| Rotation | The spinning of the earth or any other object. |
| Atmosphere | A blanket of air that makes the earth hospitable for living things. |
| Greenhouse effect | The ability of the atmosphere to retain heat around the earth. |
| Maria | Dark patches on the moon's surface once thought to be sees but now known to be rolling plains. |
| Lunar month | The period of time it takes for the moon to revolve around the earth; 19 days, 12 hours, and 44 minutes. |
| Name all the phases of the moon. (In order) | New moon, crescent,first quarter, gibbous, full moon, gibbous, third quarter, and the crescent phase |
| Lunar eclipses | An event that occurs when the mmon passes through the earth's shadow, causing the moon to appear darkened; can occur when the moon is full. |
| High tide | The highest point on shore that the ocean reaches. |
| Low tide | The lowest point on shore that the ocean reaches |
| Spring tide | An especially high or low ocean tide that occurs during a new moon or a full moon, when the sun and moon are in line with the earth and their gravitational forces are working together. |
| Neap tide | A weaker ocean tide that occurs during a first-quarter moon and a third quarter moon. when the gravitational forces of the sun and moon work at right angles against each other. |
| Kuiper belt | A belt of small, icy objects orbiting farther from the sun than the planet Neptune. |
| Meteoroids | A piece of space debris that orbits the sun and is smaller than the smallest asteroid |
| Shooting stars | Shooting stars are really pieces of cosmic rock or ice falling from space that meet a fiery end. |
| Meteor Shower | A brief period during which the earth passes through a cluster of meteoroids, causing more meteors than usual to be seen. |
| meteorite | A meteor that has landed on the earth's surface. |
| Name all three parts of a comet. | The tail, the coma, and the nucleus. |
| Coma | The cloud of gas and dust around a comet's nucleus. |
| Nucleus | A frozen chunk of rock, dust, and ice about the size of a small asteroid that is the heart of a comet. |
| Tail | A trail of dust particles and gases that stream away from the nucleus and coma of a comet. |
| Period | The amount of time it takes a comet to complete an orbit. |
| Encke's comet | The comet with the shortest recorded period- three years and four months. |
| Halley's comet | A famous comet named for Edmund Hally, with a period of about 76 years. |
| Ozone layer | A region of the atmosphere located between 10 and 30 miles above the surface of the earth, which filters out most of the sun's ultra violet rays. |
Created by:
nelsonclan
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