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Weathering
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Erosion | movement of rocks particles by wind, water, ice or gravity |
| mechanical weathering | rock is physically broken insto smaller pieces |
| mechanical weathering(2) | breaks rock into pieces by freezing and thawing, heating and cooling, growth of plants, actions of animals, and abrasions |
| abrasion | grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity. |
| ice wedging | water expands when it freezes causing rocks to crack |
| chemical weathering | process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
| agents of chemical weathering | water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organims, and acid rain |
| water | most important agent of chemical weathering |
| oxygen | the gas in air is an important part of chemical weathering |
| rust | product of oxidation |
| Rust(2) | makes rocks soft and crumbly, gives it a red/brown color |
| carbon dioxide | a gas found in air, carbon dioxide, causes chemical weathering |
| weak acid | carbonic acid |
| carbonic acid | weathers marble and limestone |
| living organisms | roots push into cracks in the rock |
| lichens | plantlike organisms that grow on rock |
| acid rain | polllution in the air with sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen compunds |
| acid rain(2) | very rapid chemical weathering |
| rate at which weathering occurs | type of rock and climate |
| permeable | material is full of tiny, connected air spaces taht allow water to seep through it |
| climate | average weather conditions in an area |
| wet climates | both chemical and mechanical weathering occur fast |
| chemical reactions | faster at higher temperatures |
| granite | very hard rock |
| soil | loose, weathered materialon earth's surface |
| soil(2) | forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface |
| bedrock | solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| soil is a mixture of | rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air and water |
| humus | decayed organic material in soil |
| humus (2) | forms as plant and animal remains decay |
| humus(3) | rich in nitrogen |
| soil texture | important for plant growth |
| loam | soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt |
| soil horizon | layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it |
| A horizon | made up of topsoil |
| top soil | a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals |
| B horizon | subsoil |
| subsoil | consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, littel humus |
| C horizon | contains only partly wetahered rock |
| C horizon (2) | bedrock |
| B Horizon develops | as rainwater washes clay and minerals from the other horizons |
| C horizon forms | as bedrock weathers and rock breaks up into soil particles |
| A horizon develops | from the C horizon when plant roots weather the rock |
| Gravel | largest soil particle |
| clay | smallest soil particle |
| air and water | make up the major portion of loam |
| A horizon consists of | topsoil with humus |
| B horizon consists of | subsoil |
| C horizon consists of | rock fragments |
| bacteria | decomposers taht break down animal and plant remains and wasts |
| fungi | are decomposers that send out long, rootlike threads that digest plant remains |
| earthworms | break up hard, compacted soil |
| an area's climate and plant life | determine what type of soil froms from bedrock |
Created by:
Sandy6858
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