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Biology
Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific Method | 1) Ask a question 2) Create a hypothesis 3) Set up a controlled experiment 4) Record, collect, analyze data 5) Make a conclusion |
| Experimental vs. Control set ups | Experimental-change one thing(what you're testing) Controlled-(constant) no changes made. Serves as basis for comparison with the experimental setup |
| Microscope parts and functions Also part of answer: Mirror-reflects light into microscope Fine adjustment- sharpens the image | Ocular-looking-eye piece to specimen Coarse adjustment-focus specimen Nosepiece-able to change powers Objectives-magnifying lens Stage-flat surface to put slip on Stage clips-holds slip in place Diaphragm-controls light coming through lens |
| calculate the total magnification | Total Magnification: eye piece X Objects (10X) X (4x) OR (10x) OR (40x) |
| Metric Units | Meter(m)=Length Liter(L)=Volume Kilogram(kg)=Mass Celsius(C)=Temperature |
| Periodic Table | Atomic #- number of protons in atom(each element has specific # Mass-total number of protons and neutrons in the atom *study a periodic table and how to tell what is what in the element square *to find # of neutrons, subtract atomic # from the mass # |
| Types of mixtures | Solutions- mixture in which all components are evenly Suspension- mixture off water and some non dissolved material |
| pH scale | pH scale- shows the concentration of H+ and OH- ions. Each step represents a factor of 10. Ex: a substance with a pH of 4 has 10X as many H+ ions as a substance with a pH of 5 Acid(H+)0------Neutral(H20)7-----Basic(OH-)14 |
| What is ions and how does it form? | ions-(charged particles) form as a result of an ionic bond |
| What are protons, neutrons, and electrons | Protons-positive charged(+), found in nucleus Neutrons-no charge, found in nucleus Electrons-negative charge(-), found outside the nucleus |
| Covalent and Ionic bonds | Covalent-bond formed by the SHARING of electrons Ionic-bond formed by the TRANSFER of electrons |
| What makes a compound organic? | the presence of carbon |
| What are examples, building blocks, and dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of Carbohydrates? | Starches and sugars(pasta), monosaccharides(BB)- single sugar |
| What are examples, building blocks, and dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of lipids? | fats and oils(oilve oil), fatty acids(BB) |
| What are examples, building blocks, and dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of proteins? | (chicken and peanut butter), amino acid(BB) |
| What are examples, building blocks, and dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of nucleic acids? | DNA and RNA, nucleotides(BB) |
| What are enzymes and what do they do? | control the rate of reactions |
| Eukaryota vs. Eukaryota | Prokaryotes are small simple cells, has NO nucleus, ex: bacteria Eurkaryotes- large complex nucleus, has a necleus, ex: plant, animal cell |
| What are the organelles and their functions | Organelle- nucleus- Chromatin- Nucleolus- Ribosome- RER- SER- Golgi Apparatus- Lysosome- Vaculoes- Mitocondria- Chloroplast- Cytoskelton- Cell Membrane- Cell Wall- Centrioles- |
| Plant cells vs. animal cells | Animal cell does not have a cell wall or a cholorplast but the Plant does |
| What is diffusion and osmosis and how they work? | Diffusion- the movement of materials from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, no energy, form in Passive Transport Osmosis- the diffusion of water, effects: ~Isotonic-nothing ~Hypertonic-shrivels ~Hpotonic-swells |
| What is endocytosis and exocytosis? | Endocytosis-exports materials OUT of the cell Exocytosis-imports materials INTO the cell |
| Steps of cellular respiration? | Glycolysis-breakdown of glucose Krebs Cycle-pyruvic acids are broken down into carbon dioxide in energy-extracting reactions Electron TRansport Chain- uses high engery electrons from krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP |
| Equation of cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Engery |
| What is the function of ATP? | used to store and release engery |
| Anaerobic vs. aerobic repiration | Anaerobic- no oxygen Aerobic- requires oxygen |
| Lactic Acids vs. Alcoholic fermentation | Lactic Acids- produces lactic acids Alcoholic fermentation-produces carbon dioxide and schohol |
| Equation of photosnythesis | 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Autotroph vs. Heterotroph | Autotroph- make their own food Heterotroph- do not make their own food, consume their food |
| How do photosnthesis and respiration compare to each other? | Each others ending products are each others starting reactants |
| Where does photosynthesis happen? | Chloroplast |
| What is the visible spectrum? | light wavelengths visivble to the eye as different colors |
| Structure and shape of DNA? | double helix, made up of nucleotide(1. 5-carbon sugar, 2. Phosphate group, 3. nitrogenous base(adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)) |
| What scientists were involved in the structure of DNA? | Griffith-genetic info. could be transferred from 1 bacterium to another Avery-discovered DNA stores/transmits genetic info. from 1 generation to the next Hershey/Chase-DNA was genetic material Watson/Crick- double-helix model as structure of DNA |
| What is the difference between DNA and RNA? | 1. Sugar in RNA is ribose and DNA is deoxyribose 2. RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded 3. RNA contains URACIL, DNA has thmine |
| What are the bases in DNA and RNA? | DNA- Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine RNA- Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine |
| How does DNA replicates itself? | separates two strands then serves as template to produce new strand, and then two new complenentary strands are produced |
| Active Transport vs. Passive Transport | Active-movement of materials from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration, requires engery Passive-does not require cellular energy to move concentration |
Created by:
Brea.Zellner
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