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Micro Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
What is microbiology? Study of small living things= looking at organisms that you need a microscope to see
What type of organisms are studied in micro? Viruses, Bacteria, Protozoan, Fungi, Parasites
What type of microscope do you need to see viruses? Electron microscope because they are too small for light MS
What is fungi? Yeast and mold (hyphae + spore which is for reproduction)
How does your bet know your dog has worms? Looks at the eggs (ovum) of the worms under a MS
What else (besides organisms) does someone in MB study? Ecology, immunology, genetics
What are the five kingdoms studied in MB? Monera, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
Monera bacteria and cyanobacteria
Animalia animals
Plantae Plants
Fungi yeast and mold
Protista algae and protozoan
Microbiology revolves around two themes... Understanding basic life processes, application of that understanding to benefit humans
When you want to isolate a bacteria you have to... Grow it in a culture
Isolating a bacteria is done by... a qudra-streak
How many bacteria does it take to make 1 colony? 1 bacteria that replicates itself through binary fission, this produces a pure culture
Bacteria replicate by? Binary fission
How old is Earth? Around 4 billion years
What is the oldest form of life and how old are they? Microorganisms, about 3.5 billion years old
___ constitute the largest mass of living material on Earth? Microorganisms
___ causes the biogeochemical cycles to occur. Enzymes
Where do enzymes come from? Bacteria
Bacteria come in ___ basic shapes four
What are the basic shapes that bacteria come in? Bacillus, Cocci, Spirilla
Bacillus rod
Cocci Circle
Spirilla Spiral
The cytoplasmic membrane is made of a ? Phospholipid bilayer
Do all cells have cell membranes? Yes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Do all cells have cell walls? No, animal cells do not
Do bacteria have a cell membrane and a cell wall? Yes
What does a cell wall do for the cell? Provides shape, protects
What is unique about the cell walls of a bacteria? Peptidoglycan
What is unique about the cell wall of a fungi? Chitin
What is unique about the cell wall of a plant cell? Cellulose
Peptidoglycan, Chitin, Cellulose are all... Sugars, derived from glucose
Bacteria use ___ to move Flagella
Replication in bacteria is copying the ___ and then copying the ____. DNA; cell
Replication in bacteria of the DNA and then cell is called... binary fission
Chromosomes are circular, therefore replication in bacteria is... Bi-directional, which makes replication very fast.
E. Coli, which lives in the colon, replicates (or doubles) every... 20 minutes
In nature, microorganisms exist in nature in assemblages called... Microbial communities
A microorganism is going to live until is runs out of ___ or it is ___ Food; killed (they do not have a life span like we do)
What kills bacteria? Heat
Denaturing proteins is important in controlling ____ microorganisms
Microorganisms interact in microbial communities by ___ or ____ Cooperation; competition
___ produced O2 for the Earth's atmosphere. When did this happen? Cyanobacteria; around 2.5 billion years ago
What does is mean to say that a disease is an infectious disease? The disease can be transmitted from one person to another. (HIV, flu)
The number one killer in the early 1900s was___ Infectious disease
The number one killer in the early 2000's was... lifestyle disease
What where the main causes of the difference between the number one killer in the 1900s vs 2000s? Antibiotics (used against bacteria and fungi), and health practices.
There are no antibiotics for what type of cell? Viruses
The role of microbes in cleaning up pollutants is known as... bioremediation (Pseudomonas converts oil to CO2 and H2O)
What are the four classes of macromolecules? Proteins, Nucleic acids, Lipids, Polysaccharides
Why are proteins important? Enzymes, structural
Why are nucleic acids important? DNA. RNA, protein synthesis, genetic storage
Why are lipids important? Cell membrane, energy storage
Why are polysaccharides important? ATP, structure. storage
mRNA codes for the ____ amino acid sequence
tRNA carries the? amino acid
What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane? Controls transport, separates inside from outside
The ribosome is the site for _____ translation
What does a catalase do? Enzyme that breaks down H2O2 (get H2O + O2 = bubbles)
Created by: laurenGfrazier
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