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Mitosis

TermDefinition
Prophase First stage: chromosomes become visible, the nucleolus disappears, the mitotic spindle forms, and the nuclear envelope disappears.
Metaphase Second stage: chromosomes become arranged on the metaphase plate and are attached to the now fully formed spindle.
Anaphase Third: sister chromatids separate, and the now-daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase Final: chromosome sets assemble at opposite poles, a nuclear envelope reforms around each set, and cytokinesis usually follows.
Interphase Period between cell divisions. The cell grows, DNA is replicated, and the centrioles divide.
Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm (not mitosis). End of cell division and involves the formation of a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell into two daughter cells.
Mitosis Division of the cell nucleus. Includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Cell Cycle Each round of growth and division in a cell.
Chromatid Half of a chromosome.
Centromere Region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together.
Chromosome Condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide.
Chromatin DNA double helix is packaged by special proteins to form this complex. It undergoes further condensation to form the chromosome.
Centriole Cylindrical organelles that are composed of groupings of microtubules. Replicate during interphase.
Sister chromatid One of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides.
Spindle fibers Framework of microtubules that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.
Homologous chromosome One of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
Karyotype Display of a person's 46 chromosomes.
Gamete (germ cell) Egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair.
Diploid Having two homologous sets of chromosomes.
Haploid Having a single set of chromosomes.
Somatic cell Any cell other than a germ cell; body cell.
Gene Segments of DNA located on chromosomes.
Created by: Kwong5
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