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Volcanoes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances |
| Viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flow |
| Silica | The major ingredient in magma and a compound made up of particles of the elements oxygen and silicon |
| Pahoehoe | Hot, fast-moving lava that has low viscosity |
| Aa | Cool, slow-moving lava that has higher viscosity than pahoehoe |
| Compound | A substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically combined |
| Lava | Magma that reaches the surface |
| Pipe | A long tube that connects the magma chamber to Earth's surface |
| Hot Spring | A type of geothermal activity that is often found in areas of present or past volcanic activity; They collect in a natural pool |
| Magma | A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle |
| Ring of Fire | A major volcanic belt, formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean |
| Geyser | A fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground |
| Volcanic Ash | Fragments of minerals and glass created during a volcanic eruption; Debris |
| Dormant | Not active at the moment, but may become active in the future |
| Active | A volcano that is erupting; Also, one that is not currently erupting but is expected to do so in the future |
| Extinct | A volcano that is unlikely to erupt ever again |
| Subduction | When two plates converge into each other; The Oceanic Plate descends beneath the Continental Plate |
| Shield Volcano | When thin layers of lava pour out of a vent, more layers pile up on each other gently sloping this type of volcano |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | When volcano's lava has high viscosity, the lava explodes into the air which harden into ash, cinders, and bombs, forming a steep, cone-shaped hill |
| Composite Volcano | When lava flows alternate explosive eruptions of ash, cinders, and bombs, and alternating layers from a tall, cone-shaped mountain; Basically both of the other volcanoes form this volcano |
| Crater | A bowl-shaped area around a volcano's central vent |
| Lava Flow | The area covered by lava as it pours out of a vent |
| Caldera | The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain |
| Magma Chamber | Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket |
| Batholith | When a large body of magma cools inside the crust, a mass of rock is formed |
| Lava Plateau | A flat, wide surface formed by fluid lava |
| Sill | Comes before the volcanic pipe in a volcano; Formed by magma |
| Dike | In a volcano close to the sill; Formed by magma |
| Vent | Where magma leaves through an opening after the pipe |
| Volcano | A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface |
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