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Biology Chapter 3

Heredity and Genetics

TermDefinition
trait characteristic
inherited trait trait that is passed from parents to their offspring.
heredity passing of traits from parents to offspring.
genetics study of heredity.
sperm cell male reproductive cell.
egg cell female reproductive cell.
gamete reproductive cell
meiosis type of cell division that produces gametes.
DNA large molecule contained in chromosomes.
replication process by which DNA is duplicated.
protein synthesis process by which proteins are made.
RNA molecule used in the making of proteins.
karyotype organized display of an organism's chromosomes
centromere point of a chromosome where two parts meet.
genes parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits.
allele one of two or more forms of a particular gene.
homozygous having 2 like genes for the same trait
heterozygous having 2 unlike genes for the same trait.
dominant gene gene whose trait always shows itself.
recessive gene gene of a trait that is hidden when the dominant gene is present.
Punnett square chart that shows possible gene combinations.
incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance in which alleles from both parents are blended.
codominance pattern of inheritance in which both alleles of a gene are expressed.
gender sex of a person or other organism.
sex-linked traits traits that are controlled by the sex chromosomes.
carrier an organism that has a recessive gene for a trait but does not show the trait.
pedigree chart that shows inheritance of certain traits over several generations.
inherited disease disease caused by an inherited gene.
mutation change in a gene.
controlled breeding mating organisms to produce offspring with certain traits.
mass selection crossing plants with desirable traits.
hybridization mating 2 different kinds of organisms.
inbreeding mating closely related organisms.
genetic engineering methods used to produce new forms of DNA.
gene splicing moving a section of DNA from the genes of one organism to the genes of another organism.
Created by: theduc
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