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BioConc.II Exam I
Metazoans
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some key features of animals? | They are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, and have tissues that develop from germ / embryonic layers. They generally inject food and lack cell walls. |
| How do multicellular organisms communicate? | With intercellular protein junctions and endocrine signaling. |
| How do animals reproduce? | Sexually mostly with flagellated sperm and nonmotile egg. |
| How do animals develop from the larval stage? | They have different habitats and food sources and go through either gradual or sudden metamorphosis. |
| What are box genes? | They are genes conserved for development and are responsible for limbs, patterning, and wings. |
| What is the history of animals? | Animals are around 1 b.y. old, 99% of animals are extinct, and rapid animal radiation occurred during the cambrian age. |
| What may have caused cambrian radiation? What specifically developed? | The increase in oxygen. Hox genes and body plans developed. |
| What developed in the mesozoic era? | Reptiles and mammals. Some organisms returned to the water. |
| What occurred in the cenozoic era? | Diversification of insects and plants, mammals get very large, big animals experience mass extinction, homo appears. |
| What was prominent in the pleistocene era? | Glaciers, humans evolved, and mass extinction. |
| What two types of symmetry occurs in animal body plans? | Bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry. |
| What process lead to tissue layer formations? | Gastrulation. |
| What two types of germ layers appear in animal? | Diploblastic and Triploblastic. |
| What developed from the endoderm tissue layer? | Skin and the nervous system. |
| What developed from the ectoderm tissue layer? | The lining of the digestive tract and other organs. |
| What developed from the mesoderm tissue layer? | Muscles, other organs, and parts of some organs. |
| What is a body cavity? | A fluid filled space that separates the digestive tract from the outer body. The coelom. |
| What is meant by the term "true coelom?" | This refers to tissues developing from the mesoderm. They are often called coelomates. |
| What is a pseudocoelomate? | A species where the coelom developed from the blastocoel instead of the mesoderm. |
| What are acoelomates? | Species with no body cavities. |
| What is the purpose of a body cavity? | To provide space for organs, hydrostatic skeletons in some, and provide protection. |
| What is a protostome? | An organism that develops the mouth first during the blastopore stage. |
| What is a deuterostome? | An organism where the anus develops first during the blastopore stage. |
| What is known of animal phylogenetics? | That animals do have a common ancestor, sponges are basal, early animals are diploblastic and basal, and most developing from cambrian age are bilateral. |
Created by:
MichaelaMH
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