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evolution&taxonomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| embryological development | the study of embryos in different animals in which similarities are often seen at an early stage of development |
| vestigial structures | serve no function, have become unneeded |
| examples of vestigial structures | wisdom teeth, tail vertebrae, ear muscle, etc. |
| homologus structures | look similar in structure and arrangement but differ in function. all develop from same ebryonic tissue. |
| analogus structures | different in structure but similar in function. so not come from same embyonic tissue |
| biogeography | study of past and present distributions of plants and animals in which similar species are often found in the same place |
| whats the best evidence of evolution? | biochemical and genetic comparisons |
| without natural selection, what would there also be non of? | there would be no evolution |
| variations | small differences between organisms of the same species |
| what are the 3 types of adaptations? | structural, physiological, behavior |
| what is structural adaption | strength, height, etc |
| what is physiological adaptation | intelligence, etc |
| what is behavior adaptation | working as a group, etc |
| what are two types of structural adaptations | camouflage and batesian mimicry |
| natural selection can lead to new...? | species |
| what is divergent evolution | when one species gives rise to many species |
| what is convergent evolution | different species evolving analogus structures but dont have a common ancestor with this structure |
| what is speciation | formation of new species |
| four types of reproductive isolation | behavioral, geoographical, temporal, post-zygotic |
| whats behavioral isolation | two populations cannot interbreed because of different courtship rituals |
| what is geographic isolation | two populations cant interbreed because of natural barries (rivers mts, etc.) |
| what is temporal isolation | populations reproduce at different times |
| what is post-zygotic isolation | hybrid inviability or infertility (ex; horse and donkey) |
| what five things must happen for genetic equilibrum? | random mating, big population, no moving, no mutations, no natural selection |
| what is artificial selection | humans select specific traits in organisms |
| what is a gene pool | all of the genes present in a population (of the same species) |
| with bigger population, there are _______ genes in the pool | there are more genes |
| what is relative frequency | number of times a specific allele is present in the gene pool |
| what is gene flow | movement of alleles in and out of populations |
| directional selection | higher fitness at one end |
| stabilizing selection | higher fitness at the middle |
| disruptive selection | higher fitness at both ends(extremes) |
| what is genetic drift | random change in allele frequency that often occurs in small populations |
| what can cause genetic drift | natural disasters (volcanoes, tsunamis, etc.) |
| what is the founder affect | change in alleles frequencies as a result of migration of a small subgroup of a population |
| what is the bottleneck affect | (punctuated equilibrum) occurs when population undergoes a huge decrease in size (i.e. natural disaster, disease, etc.) |
| who was charles darwin | he theorized evolution, naturalist, published "on the origin of species", sailed on the H.M.S beagle |
| who developed the taxonomy system? | carolus linnaeus |
| list the taxons from largest to smallest. | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| which taxon is the most specific | species |
| which taxon is the least specific | kingdom |
| what is taxonomy or classification | the discipline of naming and grouping organisms |
| what is the taxon thats larger than a kingdom | domain |
| what is a dichotomous key | categorizes species based on yes or no questions |
| what is evolution | the theory of how life changes over long periods of time |
| what is common descent | belief that all living forms evolved from one species of origin (common ancestor) |
| what did darwin notice about the finches and tortoises from the galapagos islands | they had adaptations to help them survive |
| what book did darwin write | "On The Origin Of Species" |
| what is survival of the fittest | only the best adapted organisms survive |
| what is fitness | ability to survive and reproduce because of adaptations |
| what is natural selection | environment selects the most fit individuals to survive |
| what is a phylogeny | chart that shows the evolutionary development of a particular feature in an organism |
| where are most fossils found | sedimentary rock |
| genus + species = ? | binomial nomenclature |
| name the three domains. | bacteria, archaea, eukarya |
| what two observations did darwin make | patterns of diversity and living organisms vs. fossils |
| what is a cladogram | chart that shows evolutionary relationships between different organisms |
Created by:
d0402774
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