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Unit 3
The Cellular Level of Organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the organelle the nucleus? | The nucleus of a cell is spherical or oval shaped and contains DNA. It is the most prominent feature of a cell and is often referred to as the "brain" of a cell. |
| What is the function of the organelle mitochondrion? | Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell. They generate ATP. Mitochondria are more prevalent in physiological active cells such as muscle, liver, and kidney cells. |
| What is the function of the organelle ribosome? | Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within the cell. They are made within the nucleus and consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) + proteins. They can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum or float free in cytosol. |
| What is the function of the organelle lysosome? | Lysosomes are vesicle that form from the Golgi complex and contain powerful digestive enzymes. |
| What is the function of the organelle centriole? | Centrioles are located within the centrosome and serve as a way to move chromosomes to ends of the cell during cell divison. |
| What is the function of the organelle plasma membrane? | The plasma membrane serves as a barrier of protection from unwanted elements outside of the cell while also keeping all the parts of a cell within the cell. |
| What is the relationship between the cell cycle, mitosis, and cancer? | Mitosis is the process in which one cell splits and duplicates into two cells. Cancer is the uncontrollable growth and reproduction of cells (mitosis) that do not contribute to the body. Cancer (tumor) is a collection of all of these bad cells. |
| Which organic molecule includes fats, oils, and waxes in the body? | |
| Which organic molecule is the body's first source of energy? | |
| Which organic molecule provides a means of stored energy? | |
| Which organic molecule provides our genetic code? | |
| Which organic molecule is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in the body? | |
| What occurs in each phase of the cell cycle? | In g1 is the replication of centrisomes and the duplication of organelles. In the S phase, DNA is replicated. In the g2 phase, the cell grows, proteins synthesize, and the centrosome replication is completed. |
| How do active transport and passive transport differ? | Passive transport does not require ATP (energy) and may or may not require membrane proteins. Active transport, however, requires the cell to expend ATP to regulate transport of substances across the plasma membrane. |
| Explain the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. | Endocytosis is the movement of material into the cell; whereas exocytosis is the movement of material outside of the cell. Both processes are active processes and require ATP (energy). |
| Explain prophase. | Chormatin condenses into chromosome, the nucleus breaks down, the mitotic spindle forms, connecting to centromeres at each chromosomes. |
| Explain metaphase. | Replicated chromsomes line up around equatorial plane. |
| Explain anaphase. | Replicated (dyad) chromsomes have their chromatids pulled apart and moved to opposite poles of the nuclear region. |
| Explain telophase. | Nuclear membranes form around the two clusters of chromsomes (mondads). Chromosomes then revert to chromatin and the mitotic spindle breaks down. |
| What does amitotic mean? | Amitotic means that certain cells loose the ability to undergo cell division. |
Created by:
starlitandroid
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