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Bio 12 Digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | Absorption The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis, as in absorption of nutrients by the digestive system, |
| anaerobic bacteria | Anaerobic Bacteria Bacteria that do not require oxygen |
| anus | Anus The end of the digestive trast |
| appendix | Appendix Extending from the inferior end of the large intestine’s cecum, the human appendix is a narrow pouch of tissue whose resemblance to a worm inspired its alternate name, vermiform (worm-like) appendix. |
| bile | Bile A bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum and aids in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats. |
| capillary | Capillary the smallest of a body's blood vessels and are parts of its microcirculation |
| cardiac sphincter | Cardiac Sphincter the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach |
| chemical digestion | Chemical Digestion the chemical breakdown of food into simpler compounds |
| digestive enzyme | Digestive Enzyme enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. |
| digestive tract | Digestive Tract the stomach and intestine, sometimes including all the structures from the mouth to the anus |
| duodenum | Duodenum the first part of the small intestine. located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine. After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices. |
| emulsification | Emulsification the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles. It is accomplished mainly by bile acids in the small intestine. |
| epiglottis | Epiglottis The epiglottis is a flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. |
| esophagus | Esophagus a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| gall bladder | Gall Bladder a small organ where bile is stored, before it is released into the small intestine. |
| gastric juice | Gastric Juice a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach. It has a pH of 1-2 and is composed of hydrochloric acid |
| hydrochloric acid (HCl) | Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) a pH of 1-2 |
| insulin | Insulin a peptide hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. |
| intestinal juice | Intestinal Juice the clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls |
| lacteals | Lacteals Role of lacteals include absorbing emulsified fats and glycerol into the lymphatic system. Lacteals are little lymph capillary which are found in villi in the ileum |
| large intestine (colon) | Large Intestine the last part of the digestive system in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food |
| lipase | Lipase a protein (enzyme) released by the pancreas into the small intestine. It helps the body absorb fat |
| liver | Liver has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. |
| maltase | Maltase an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide maltose |
| microvillus | Microvillus ) are microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area of cells,[1] and are involved in a wide variety of functions |
| nuclease | nuclease Any enzyme that cleaves nucleic acids |
| pancreas | Pancreas is a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. |
| pancreatic amylase | Pancreatic Amylase Any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva, pancreatic juice, and parts of plants and catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives. |
| pancreatic juice | Pancreatic Juice a liquid secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases and amylase |
| pepsin | Pepsin is an enzyme whose zymogen (pepsinogen) is released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides |
| pepsinogen | Pepsinogen The inactive precursor to pepsin |
| peptidase | Alternative name for a protease. Any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids |
| peristalsis | The process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along |
| pH | a measure of the hydorgen ion concentration of a solution |
| pharynx | The cavity at the back of the mouth; opens into the esophagus at the lower end. |
| physical digestion | The catabolic process in the digestive tract where ingested food is converted into simpler, soluble and diffusible substances that can be assimilated by the body |
| protease | A proteinase which is any enzyme that catalyses the splitting of interior peptide bonds in a protein. Any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids |
| pyloric sphincter | A thickening of the circular layer of the gastric musculature encircling the gastroduodenal junction |
| rectum | the last portion of the large intestine (colon) that communicates with the sigmoid colon above and the anus below |
| salivary amylase | digestive enzyme in salivary glands that changes starch to maltose |
| salivary gland | The salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. They produce enzymes that aid in the breakdown of starches. |
| saliva | The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin. |
| small intestine | The small intestine is composed of three sections: duodenum, jejunum and ileum |
| sodium bicarbonate | neutralizes the acidic material from the stomach |
| stomach | The most dilated portion of the digestive tube, situated between the oesophagus and the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum) |
| swallowing | To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or oesophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink |
| trypsin | digestive enzyme in pancreas that changes polypeptides to smaller polypeptides Villus |
| villus | The villi work in partnership with the small intestine to dispatch nutrients to the bloodstream |
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shignuts
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