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Chapter 7
Consilience
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Apollonian law to Dionysian spirit | a philosophical and literary concept, or dichotomy, based on certain features of ancient Greek mythology |
| hostrum | a favored medicine, but it is usu. not considered effective, prepared by an unqualified person |
| gene-culture coevolution | the theory that genetic evolution of the human lineage has added to the parallel track of cultural evolution and that the two forms are linked |
| tortuous | full of twists and turns |
| idle | not active or in use |
| protean | tending or able to change frequently or easily |
| conciliatory | intended or likely to placate or pacify |
| magisterial | having or showing great authority |
| genetic drift | the theory that genetic substitutions occur by chance alone over long stretches of time |
| culture | the total way of life of a discrete society |
| holistic | characterized by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole |
| precocious | (of a child) having developed certain abilities or proclivities at an earlier age than usual |
| uncannily | characterized as being strange or mysterious, esp. in an unsettling way |
| lexically | by means of words |
| guile | sly or cunning intelligence |
| Machiavellian | cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous, esp. in politics or in advancing one's career. |
| motherese | baby talk: an adult's imitation of the speech of a young child |
| ad nauseam | a Latin term for something unpleasurable that has continued "to [the point of] nausea" |
| syntax | the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language |
| rudiment | the first principles of a subject |
| social facilitation | the tendency for people to do better on simple tasks when in the presence of other people. This implies that whenever people are being watched by others, they will do well on things that they are already good at doing |
| contrived | deliberately created rather than arising naturally or spontaneously |
| precedent | an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances |
| episodic memory | recalls the direct perception of people and other concrete entities through time, like images seen in a motion picture |
| semantic memory | recalls meaning by the connection of objects and ideas to other objects and ideas, either directly by their images held in episodic memory or by the symbols denoting the images |
| proposition | the lowest complexity of linkage in memory (i.e. a hound chasing a hare) |
| schema | a higher order of complexity in memory (i.e. Ovid's telling of Apollo's courtship of Daphne, like an unstoppable hound in pursuit of an unattainable hare) |
| durian | an oval spiny tropical fruit containing a creamy pulp. Despite its fetid smell, it is highly esteemed for its flavor |
| aficionado | a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about an activity, subject, or pastime |
| transient | lasting only for a short time; impermanent |
| nuance | a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound |
| meme | a culture unit that is related to the node of semantic memory and its correlates in brain activity |
| semiotics | the formal study of all forms of communication |
| ethereal | extremely delicate and light in a way that seems too perfect for this world |
| norm of reaction | the total variation in the trait in all the survivable environments (of a gene or group of genes in a species) |
| environment | the myriad of influences that shape body and mind step by step throughout every stage of life |
| heritability | the percentage of variation in a trait due to heredity (does not apply to individuals... just populations) |
| ambit | the scope, extent, or bounds of something |
| genotype-environment correlation | heritability measured at the level of biology reacting with the environment to increase heritability measured at the level of behavior |
| totalitarian | of or relating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state |
| adversaries | one's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute |
| psychoses | severe mental disorders in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality |
| pervasive | (esp. of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | a nuclear medicine, functional imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer) |
| erratic | not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable |
| confabulation | chat: an informal conversation |
| despotism | the exercise of absolute power, esp. in a cruel and oppressive way |
| codified | arrange (laws or rules) into a systematic code |
| altruism | the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others |
| pragmatic | dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations |
| One Gene One Disease. | theory that one gene causes a disease |
| magic-bullet therapy | a process by which one elegant and noninvasive procedure corrects the biochemical defect and erases the symptoms of the disease |
| polygene | a gene whose individual effect on a phenotype is too small to be observed, but which can act together with others to produce observable variation |
| incomplete penetrance | in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant of a gene that also express an associated trait |
| variable expressivity | used in genetics to refer to variations in a phenotype among individuals carrying a particular genotype |
| compendium | a collection of concise but detailed information about a particular subject, esp. in a book or other publication |
| eschatology | the part of theology concerned with death, judgment, and the final destiny of the soul and of humankind |
| propitation | the action of appeasing a god, spirit, or person |
| penetralia | a secret or hidden place |
| etiology | the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition |
| wend | go in a specified direction, typically slowly or by an indirect route |
| propensity | an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way |
| prepared learning | concept that animals and humans are innately prepared to learn certain behaviors, while avoiding others |
| epigenetic rules | comprise the full range of inherited regularities of development in anatomy, physiology, cognition, and behavior (algorithms of growth and differentiation that create a fully functioning organism) |
| primary epigenetic rules | the automatic processes that extend from filtering and coding of stimuli in the sense organs all the way to perception of the stimuli by the brain |
| secondary epigenetic rules | regularities in the integration of large amounts of information |
| geniculate | bent at a sharp angle |
| phoneme | any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another |
| predilection | a preference or special liking for something; a bias in favor of something |
| reification | the telescoping of ideas and complex phenomena into simpler concepts, which are then compared with familiar objects and activities |
| flux | the action or process of flowing or flowing out |
| dyad | based on two |
| structuralist | linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse |
| posit | assume as a fact; put forward as a basis of argument |
| ideologue | an adherent of an ideology, esp. one who is uncompromising and dogmatic |
| paucity | the presence of something only in small or insufficient quantities or amounts; scarcity |
| epistatically | the presence of a gene at one chromosome site that suppresses the action of a gene at another chromosome site |
| pleitropy | the prescription of multiple effects of a single gene |
| paradigm | a typical example or pattern of something; a model |
| contentious | causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial |
| genetic leash | how much the genetic evolution has been held back in comparison to the cultural evolution |
| indelible | (of ink or a pen) making marks that cannot be removed |
| gesticulation | a gesture, esp. a dramatic one, used instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words |
| veritable | used as an intensifier, often to qualify a metaphor |
| invarian | never changing |
| ethologist | a zoologist who studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats |
| conspicuous | in a manner tending to attract attention |
| ritualization | the evolution of a movement with a function in one context into a conspicuous, stereotyped form |
| fiat | a formal authorization or proposition; a decree |
| arbitrary | based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system |
| paralanguage | he nonlexical component of communication by speech, for example intonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression |
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