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Unit 1
An Introduction to the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define anatomy. | Anatomy is the study of body structure. |
| Define physiology. | Physiology is the science of body functions. |
| What is the difference between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy? | Gross anatomy is the study of anatomical structures visible to the unaided eye; whereas microscopic anatomy is the study of structures invisible to the unaided eye, only visible with the assistance of a microscope. |
| What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest? | 1. Chemical 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ system 6. Organism |
| Identify the level of organization: a group of cells similar in structure and function. | Tissue |
| Identify the level of organization: a single individual of a species. | Organism |
| Identify the level of organization: the smallest unit of matter. | Chemical |
| Identify the level of organization: the smallest living unit. | Cell |
| Identify the level of organization; an association of organs working to perform a specific function. | Organ system |
| What is the major function of the muscular system? | Movement. |
| What is the major function of the reproductive system? | The production of offspring. |
| What is the major function of the skeletal system? | To provide a structural framework and protection of the body; also where muscles attach to the body. |
| What is the major function of the integumentary system? | To provide a physical barrier of protection; maintains body temperature; provides a means of synthesizing vitamin D from the sun. |
| What is the major function of the nervous system? | The body's crisis management system; provides means of communication within the body; responds to stimuli. |
| What is the major function of the endocrine system? | Helps body to maintain homeostasis by the use of hormones. |
| What is the major function of the cardiovascular system? | Pumps and moves blood throughout the body. |
| What is the major function of the respiratory system? | Gas exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues. |
| What is the major function of the lymphatic system? | To fight infection and remove toxins. |
| What is the major function of the digestive system? | To break down food and move nutrients into body. |
| What is the major function of the urinary system? | To control fluid balance of body with the outtake of waste. |
| What is homeostasis? | Homeostasis is the equilibrium of the body's internal environment. |
| What occurs when homeostasis is not maintained? | Disruptions are mild if the balance is quickly restored. Intense disruptions are prolonged and can result in disease or death. Poison and severe infections are examples. |
| What is the difference between autoregulation and extrinsic regulation? | In autoregulation, the structure self adjusts to change. Example-decreased oxygen in tissues. In extrinsic regulation, adjustments are made with the the help of another organ or system. Example-endocrine and/or nervous system respond to stimulus. |
| What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback? | Negative feedback is the majority of the body's feedback systems; it reverses a change and brings everything back to normal. Positive feedback enhances a change, like contractions in labor or breast feeding. |
| What is the function of the receptor as a part of a regulatory mechanism? | It monitors changes in a controlled condition, such as body temperature, and sends the input to the control center. |
| What is the function of the control center as a part of a regulatory mechanism? | It sets ranges of values to be maintained, usually done by the brain. It evaluates input received from receptors and generates output command. |
| What is the function of the effector as a part of a regulatory mechanism? | It receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition. Nearly every organ or tissue can serves as an effector. |
| What is the purpose of a body cavity? | To cushion and protect organs. |
| Does the dorsal cavity contain the cranial cavity or does the cranial cavity contain the dorsal cavity? | The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity. |
| Does the thoracic cavity contain the pericardial cavity or does the pericardial cavity contain the thoracic cavity? | The thoracic cavity contains the pericardial cavity. |
| Does the pleural cavity contain the thoracic cavity or does the thoracic cavity contain the pleural cavity? | The thoracic cavity contains the pleural cavity. |
| Does the pelvic cavity contain the ventral cavity or does the ventral cavity contain the pelvic cavity? | The ventral cavity contains the pelvic cavity. |
| Define superior. | Superior means top, as in cranial. |
| Define caudal. | Caudal means toward the back or tail. |
| Define anterior. | Anterior means the front, as in the ventral. |
| Define dorsal. | Dorsal means near the back of. |
| Define proximal. | Proxmial means close to. |
| Define distal. | Distal means further away from. |
| Define lateral. | Lateral means toward the side, away from the mid-line. |
| Define medial. | Medial means toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side. |
| What body cavity contains the stomach? | Abdominal cavity. |
| What body cavity contains the small intestine? | Abdominal cavity. |
| What body cavity contains the heart? | Pericardial cavity. |
| What body cavity contains the spleen? | Abdominal cavity. |
| What body cavity contains the pituitary gland? | The cranial cavity. |
| What body cavity contains the lungs? | The pleuarl cavity. |
| What body cavity contains the ovaries? | The pelvic cavity. |
| Why might organs in the abdominopelvic cavity be more susceptible to damage than those in the thoracic cavity? | The thoracic cavity is more protected by the true ribs of the skeleton, whereas the abdominopelvic cavity is mostly only protected by the skin of the integumentary system. |
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starlitandroid
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