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Ch. 6 Vocab Cards
Chapter 6: Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autotrophs | Organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make compounds |
| Photosynthesis | The process used by autotrophs to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates |
| Heterotrophs | Animals and other organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances |
| Light Reactions | The first stage of photosynthesis; is when light energy (from the sun) is converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and the energy carrier molecule NADPH; require light to occur |
| Calvin Cycle | The second stage of photosynthesis; is when organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles found in the cells of plants and algae |
| Thylakoids | A membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| Grana(Granum) | Stacks of thylakoids that are connected and layered |
| Stroma | In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| Pigments | Compounds that absorb light |
| Chlorophylls | A green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
| Carotenoids | A class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis |
| Photosystem | In the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Primary Electron Acceptor | The acceptor of electrons lost from Chlorophyll A and is a molecule in the thylakoid membrane |
| Electron Transport Chain | Molecules that transfer electrons from one molecule to the next |
| Chemiosmosis | The production of carbohydrates through the use of energy from inorganic molecules instead of light |
| Calvin Cycle | A series of enzyme assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar |
| Carbon Fixation | The incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds |
| Stomata | One of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural, stomata) |
| C4 Pathway | A carbon-fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a four-carbon intermediate |
| CAM Pathway | Crassulacean acid metabolism, a biochemical pathway in certain plants in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during the day |
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neubeckerm17
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