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Stallworth Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
| Genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
| Trait | A variant for each character |
| Character | A heritable feature that varies among individuals |
| Self-Fertilization | Sperm-carrying pollen grains released from the stamens land on the egg-containing carpel of the same plant |
| True-breeding | Varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent |
| Cross Fertilization | Fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant |
| Hybrids | The offspring of two different varieties |
| Cross (genetic) | The cross-fertilization of hybrids (also called hybridization) |
| F1 Generation | The hybrid offspring of the P generation plants that had the "F" for filial, from the Latin word for "son" |
| F2 Generation | When F1 plants self-fertilize or fertilize each other, their offspring is F2 |
| P Generation | The true-breeding parental plants |
| Monohybrid | The parent plants differ in only one character and two traits |
| Dihybrid | A mating of parental varieties differing in two characters and four traits |
| Trihybrid | Parents vary in three characters and six traits |
| Homozygous | An organism that has two identical alleles for a gene |
| Alleles | The alternative versions of a gene |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a gene |
| Dominant | The allele that determines the organism's appearance |
| Recessive | The allele that has no effect on the organism's appearance |
| Law of Segregation | A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes |
| Punnett Square | Shows the possible combinations of alleles that could occur when these gametes combine |
| Phenotype | How alleles are expressed |
| Genotype | Alleles represented by letters |
| Locus | A specific location of a gene along a chromosome |
| Law of Independent Assortment | The hypothesis that each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation; in other words, the inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another |
| Wild-Type Traits | Traits prevailing in nature that are not necessarily specified by dominant alleles |
| Carriers | One who carries an inherited disorder but is heterozygous and does not show symptoms of it but can still pass it on to its offspring |
| Complete Dominance | The dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or two copies |
| Incomplete Dominance | For some characters, the appearance of F1 hybrids falls between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties |
| ABO Blood Group | Classes of human blood based on the amount of carbohydrates A and B on red blood cells. The groups are A, B, AB, and O |
| Co-Dominance | Both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals- Express all dominant alleles |
| Sex Chromosomes | Chromosome that determines the sex of an offspring; XX for girl XY for boy |
| Sex-Linked Genes | A gene located on either sex chromosome |
| Genome | A complete set of genes; all inherited information |
| Karyotype | The display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes in a cell that is arranged by size and centromeres |
| Pedigree | The genetic family true with each of the hereditable traits through generations |
Created by:
mady.taylor0202
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