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LD BIO-GENETICS 1
LD BIO - GENETICS - CHAPTER 25
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| GENETICS | the branch of biology that studies the ways in which hereditary information is passed on from parents to offspring. |
| GREGOR MENDEL | "Father of Genetics" - Gene Chromosome Theory; Worked with pea plants |
| PARENT (P) GENERATION | the starting generation in a breeding experiment |
| FIRST FILIAL (F1) GENERATION | the first generation produced in a breeding experiment |
| HYBRIDS | one dominant and one recessive trait. Ex: Tt = Hybrid Tall |
| F2 (SECOND GENERATION) | the second generation produced in a breeding experiment |
| DOMINANT | characteristic that is expressed. Ex: TT = Pure Tall Trait |
| RECESSIVE | the inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. Ex: tt = pure short |
| LAW OF DOMINANCE | the principle of genetics stating that when organisms pure for contrasting traits are crossed, all their offspring will show the dominant trait. |
| LAW OF SEGREGATION | the genetic principle stating that the alleles of a gene occur in pairs and are separated from each other during meiosis and are recombined at fertilization |
| W.S. SUTTON | proposed an idea that Mendel "factors" might be carried by homologous chromosomes. |
| GENE | a section giant DNA molecule found in chromosomes that hold genetic information; a distinct unit of hereditary material found in chromosomes. |
| ALLELES | the different forms of the gene for a trait |
| HOMOZYGOUS | having two identical alleles for a trait. Ex: TT or tt |
| HETEROZYGOUS | having two different alleles for a trait. Ex: Tt = hybrid trait |
| GENOTYPE | the genetic material makeup of an individual expressed in words or letters |
| PHENOTYPE | the physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genetic makeup |
| LAW OF PROBABILITY | the principle stating that if there are several possible events that might happen, and no one of them is more likely to happen than any other, then they will happen in equal numbers over a large number of trials. |
| PUNNETT SQUARE | a diagram, used in genetics, to show the results of a cross |
| TEST CROSS | a genetic cross in which a test organism showing the dominant trait is crossed with one showing the dominant trait is crossed with one showing the recessive trait; used to determine whether the test organism is homozygous dominant or heterozygous. |
| MONOHYBRID CROSS | a genetic cross in which only one pair of contrasting traits is studied |
| DIHYBRID CROSS | a genetic cross in which two pairs of contrasting traits are studied. |
| LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT | the principle of genetics stating that different traits are inherited independently of one another. Randomness |
| INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE | a type of inheritance in which two contrasting alleles contribute to the individual a trait not exactly like either parent; blending inheritance |
| CODOMINANCE | a type of inheritance in which two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time without blending of traits. |
| MULTIPLE ALLELES | three or more different forms of a gene, each producing a different phenotype. |
| HEREDITY | passing of genes from parent to offspring; passed through DNA and NOT BLOOD |
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