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SLSBio12DigestionPG
SLS Bio12 Digestion PG
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis |
| Appendix | An organ important to herbivores as it is responsible for the breaking down of cellulose which composes the cell wall. |
| Bile | plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of fats. |
| Cardiac Sphincter | A ringlike band of muscle fibres that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice into the stomach. |
| Chemical digestion | turning macromolecules into their monomers |
| Digestive enzymes | enzymes that are utilised in the digestive system and are hydrolases of macromolecules |
| Duodenum | First part of the small untestine were most food is digested. |
| Emulsification | separation of lipids into a smaller |
| Epiglottis | Prevents food or air to go in the wrong direction. |
| Esophagus | The passage between the pharynx and the stomach |
| Gall bladder | a digestive organ which stores bile |
| Gastric juice | The acidic digestive fluid secreted by various glands in the stomach lining into the lumen of the stomach, |
| Insulin | A hormone that helps regulate the sugar concentration in the blood |
| Intestinal juice | Its function is to complete the process begun by pancreatic juice |
| Lacteals | a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine. |
| Large intestine (colon) | responsible for forming, storing and expelling waste matter by absorbing the water |
| Lipase | breaks down fats into glycerol and free fatty acids |
| Maltase | beaks maltase into glucose |
| Microvillus | hairlike structures in small intestine that absorbs nutrients |
| Nuclease | cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. |
| Pancreas | It secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon (both regulate blood sugar), in addition to pancreatic enzymes involved in the digestion of fats and proteins in the small intestine. |
| Pancreatic amylase | catalyzes the hydrolysis (breaking down) of starch, glycogen and related polysaccharides into more simple and readily usable forms of sugar. |
| Pancreatic juice | A fluid secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas; important for breaking down starches and proteins and fats. |
| Pepsin | digest dietary proteins into simpler, shorter chains of amino acids such as proteoses and peptones in the presence of hydrochloric acid. |
| Pepsinogen | An inactive enzyme released by the parietal cells in the gastric pits of stomach. |
| Peptidase | Any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids |
| Peristalsis | The wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs provided with both longitudinal and circular muscle fibres propel their contents. |
| Pharynx | The cavity at the back of the mouth. |
| Physical digestion | the breakdown of food by physical means. |
| Protease | any enzyme that catalyses the splitting of interior peptide bonds in a protein. |
| Pyloric sphincter | A thickening of the circular layer of the gastric musculature encircling the gastroduodenal junction. |
| Salivary amylase | catalyzes the hydrolysis (breaking down) of starch in the mouth |
| Salivary gland | produces saliva and salivary amylase |
| Small intestine | Tube where most digestion and absorption happens |
| Sodium bicarbonate | transforms acidic solutions to basic |
| Stomach | produces gastric juice (acidic) which serves to breakdown proteins. An enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion. |
| Trypsin | Breaks down peptide bonds involving the amino groups of lysine or arginine. |
| Villus | One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes |
Created by:
pierrick02
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