Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P.tri-cOH.chap1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy - def. | Scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure; interior and exterior |
| Physiology | Scientific study of the functions and processes of living things (animal and vegetable);especially as to how things normally function |
| Physiology: major goals (2) | a.) understand and predict reponses of body to stimuli b.) understand how body maintains homeostasis |
| Gross Anatomy | study of structures which can be examined without the aid of a microscope - regional, systemic & surface anatomy are "gross" anatomies |
| Gross anatomy - how to study? (2) | a.) systemic-group of structures that have one or more common functions b.) regional anatomy - body studied by area (Ex. dentists) |
| Surface anatomy - | study of external form of body & relation to deeper structures Ex. Sternum - used as anatomic landmark in study of regions of hear & where heart sounds can be heard |
| Anatomic imaging | Uses X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging & other technologies to see internal structures |
| Microscopic anatomy (2) | Cytology & histology |
| Cytology (micropsopic anatomy) | Examines cells-functional units of life. Study of anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell. SYN. cellular biology |
| cyto-(greek) | Prefix "kytos" meaning a cell |
| Histology (microscopic anatomy) | Examines tissues, which are cells and the materials surrounding them |
| tissue | aggregation of similar cells or types of cells, together with any associated intercellular materials, adapted to perform one or more specific functions. Fr. "tissu" or "woven" L. "texo" to weave |
| topics of physiology | dynamic nature of body; operations of specific organ systems |
| Cell physiology | processes occuring in cells |
| systemic physiology | examines functions of organ systems |
| Examples of systemic physiology (2) | neurophysiology - nervous system and cardiovascular physiology - heart & blood vessles |
| Pathology | medical science dealing with all aspects of disease; cause & development of abnormal conditions |
| structural & functional organization -six levelas | Chemical level 2. Cell level 3. Tissue level 4. Organ level 5. Organ system level 6. Organism level |
| 1. Chemical level | Interaction of atoms |
| 2. Cell level | Functional unit of life |
| 3. Tissue level | group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them |
| 4. Organ level | One or more tissues functioning together |
| 5. Organ system level | Group of organs functioning together |
| 6. Organism level | One living individual |
| Organ systems of the body (11) | Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive |
| integumentary | Skin-protection, regulates Temperature, prevents water loss; skin, hair nails, & sweat glands |
| Skeletal | proection & support, body movements, blood cell production, storage (fats, in bones); bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, & joints |
| muscular | produce movement, postur, body heat production, muscles attached to skeleton by tendons |
| lymphatic | foreign substance removal, regulate tissue fluid balance (prevents swelling), helps fight infection (ex. spleen, thymus produces helper-T cells???); lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs |
| respiratory system | exchanges oxygen & carbon dioxide between the blood and air & regulates blood pH; consists of lungs and respiratory passages (nose, nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi) |
| digestive system | digestion, absorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes; mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anus, mouth |
| nervous system | controls movements, sensory system, intellectual processes; brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors |
| endocrine | regulatory system influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and other functions; glands - pituitary, parathyroids, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, testes, ovaries |
| cardiovascular | transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body; helps immune response & the regulation of body temperature; consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood |
| urinary system | waste removal, regulation blood pH, ion balance, water balance; consits of the kidneys, urinary bladder and ducts that carry urine |
| reproductive | male & female; fertilization, production of gametes - egg cells, sperm cells |
| Characteristics of life (6) | 1. Organization 2. Metabolism 3. REsponsiveness 4. Growth 5. development (including differentiation & morphogenesis) 6. Reproduction |
| Organization | Within living organism, parts have specific relationships to each & interact to perform specific functions |
| Metabolism | all of the chemical reactions taking place in an organism, including break down food molecules, using energy |
| responsiveness | ability to sense changes in internal or external environment, moving toward food or away from danger, and make adjustments to maintain internal environment |
| growth | cells increase in size & number |
| development | changes throughh time--greatest development changes before birth--but many change continue after birth |
| Development -- differentiation | Change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized |
| Development - Morphogenesis | change in shape of tissues, organs & entire organism - Ex. after fertilization generalized cells specialize to become specific cells |
| reproduction | formation of new cells or new organisms |
| homeostasis | existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body Ex. pH 7.4 |
| Variables within body | Cells need certain conditions to function normally - must be within range Ex. 7.4 pH but 7.42 is OK - or body temperature |
| Set point | maintain body temperature (or other variable) within a range; if "set point" is reached, body will react to maintain homeostasist Ex. shivering to maintain warmth |
| Negative-feedback mechanisms | Any deviation from "set Point" is made smaller or is resisted Ex. blood pressure receptors cause heart rate to increase or decrease to maintain steady beat |
| Positive-feedback mechanisms | Deviations from the "set point" cause additional deviation away from that value Ex. blood loss-blood pressure decreases to the point that delivery of blood to cardiac muscle is inadequate--heart pumps less blood, causing blood pressure to drop even furthe |
| Positive-feedback | Childbirth-baby's large size stimulates contractions of uterine muscles |
| Body Cavity | space or opening |
| Dorsal - Posterior | back |
| Trunk contains three cavities | Thoracic, abdominal & pelvic |
| Thoracic cavity contains (5) | Heart, lungs, THYMUS (don't forget us!) esophagus (don't eat us!) & trachea (don't track us!) |
| Abdominal cavity contains (6) | stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas & kidneys (stomach spleens pancakes) (liver likes licorice) |
| Pelvic cavity | Urinary bladder, part of large intestine & reproductive organs |
| ANTERIOR or VENTRAL cavities | thoracic - abdominal & pelvice (all in trunk) |
| POSTERIOR or DORSAL cavities | Cranial-spine-spinal cord-nerves & blood vessels |
| What are two division within the anterior=ventral=abdominal cavities | Mediastinum (divides heart from lungs) and diaphragm (divides abdomen from thoracic) |
| Mediastinum (Latin) | "middle wall" |
| Mediastinum | Divides heart from lungs (each lung has its own sac- right & left |
| Diaphragm | musculomembranous partition between the abdominal & thoracic cavities |
| Serous membrane | cover the organs of the trunk cavities & line the trunk cavities |
| Serous membrane - parietal & visceral | The outer - parietal - the inner-visceral |
| Parietal (fist in a balloon) | The OUTER balloon wall |
| Visceral (fist in balloon) | the INNER balloon wall (touching the "fist" or organ) |
| Serous membrane - function | reduce friction ex. heart muscle moves--would rub against lungs |
| What is serous membrane composed of? | cell that secrete serous fluid |
| Serous refers to what quality? | "Watery" serous cells secrete a water fluid (as opposed to mucuos cells) |
| What are three SEROUS membranes?? | Pericardial - pleural - peritoneal |
| Pericardial (serous membrane) | surrounds heart - visceral pericardium covers the heart; which is contained within a sace lined with parietal pericardium |
| Pleural serous membrane | Pleural (associated with ribs) One cavity for each lung (they are not connected) - contains Pleural fluid |
| Peritoneal serous membrane | covers many of the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| "retro" peritoneal cavity | "Behind" the peritoneal - contains kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, parts of intestines & urinary bladder (adrenal & pancreas-they "add" to our "pancakes" behind) |
Created by:
walterina4327
Popular Biology sets