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Anticonvulsant
drugs used for seizure disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| symptoms of an abnormality in the nerve centers of the brain | seizures |
| most common of all neurologic disorders | epilepsy |
| if seizures are chronic and recurrent, the patient is diagnosed as having this neurologic disorder | epilepsy |
| seizures that affect both hemispheres of the brain, are accompanied by loss of consciousness, and may be subdivided into convulsive and nonconvulsive types | generalized seizures |
| seizures that begin in a localized area in one hemisphere of the brain and may be subdivided into simple and complex symptom types | partial seizures |
| most common type of seizure | tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures |
| seizures that occur most often at night as the patient enters sleep | myoclonic seizures |
| most common generalized nonconvulsive seizure disorder | absence (petit mal) epilepsy |
| a sudden loss of muscle tone | atonic or akinetic seizure |
| a rapidly recurring generalized seizure that does not allow the individual to regain normal function between seizures | status epilepticus |
| drug of choice for the treatment of status epilepticus | benzodiazepines: diazepam: Valium |
| before initiating therapy, perform a baseline assessment of the patient's (3)--- | 1-speech patterns2-degree of alertness 3-orientation to name, place, and time |
| most commonly used anticonvulsant of the hydantoins | phenytoin: Dilantin |
| if at all possible, avoid IM administration with this class of drugs | hydantoins |
| IV administration of these two anticonvulsants should be given under ECG monitoring and observe closely for bradycardia | diazepam and phenytoin |
| rate for IV administration of diazepam | no more than 5 mg per minute |
| rate for IV administration of phenytoin | 25 to 50 mg per minute |
| therapeutic blood levels for phenytoin | 10 to 20 mg/L |
| involuntary rhythmic, uncontrollable movements of one or both eyes | nystagmus |
| because of its sedative effects, it is used as an alternative when single, nonsedating anticonvulsants are not successful | misc.(long-acting barbiturate): phenobarbital: Luminal |
| only available agent that can be used as single-drug therapy for treating patients with a combination of generalized tonic-clonic, absence, or myoclonic seizures | misc.: valproic acid: Depakene |
Created by:
grace90
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