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Equinology EQ50

Equine muscle terminology

TermDefinition
Agonist A muscle that is the prime mover
Antagonist A muscle counteracting the action of another muscle
Atrophy A wasting away of a body part or tissue or a decrease in size
Hypertrophy An increase in muscle size or overgrowth
Hypotonicity Abnormal decreased in resting muscle tone, usually indicates a long-standing problem. The muscle will feel soft and squishy to the touch
Hypertonicity Abnormal increase in resting muscle tone, usually indicates an issue causing inflammation and irritation to a peripheral nerve such as a spinal joint dysfunction. The muscle will feel extremely tight and spasms may accompany palpation
Insertion The distal end of the muscle, which has crossed at least one joint and is attached to the movable part. Upon contraction of the muscle (shortening) movement will occur
Origin The proximal end of the muscle that is usually closest to the body. It serves as an anchor for movement during the contraction phase
Extrinsic A muscle whose origin begins in one system and in which the insertion crosses or bridges another system; such as in the axial skeletal system to an appendicular system
Intrinsic A muscle whose origin begins in one system and the insertion ends in the same system
Major Greater in size or function
Minor Lesser in size or function
Ascendens A muscle lying in an upward or uphill direction; ascending
Cephalicus Muscles originating near or at the head
Collagen A fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments and cartilage
Complexus (Latin) embracing, encircling (obsolete term for the semispinalis capitis)
Descendens A muscle lying in a downward or downhill direction; descending
Digitorum Digit; a muscle going to the digit
Levator A muscle that raises or elevates a body part
Obliquus (Latin) slanting; oblique
Pennaform (Latin) feather-formed
Profundus Deep muscle
Rector/Rectus Latin for straight. Erector; a straight muscle or one that straightens
Serratus Serrated, jagged, notched muscle
Teres Round muscle
Vast Huge, great
Created by: joeyjojo
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