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Genetics
Chapter 6 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | any different forms of a gene |
| DNA | A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function |
| Homozygous | two alleles of the gene are the same |
| Heterozygous | the two alleles are different |
| Gene | a piece of DNA that stores instructions to make a certain protien |
| Phenotype | the resulting trait looks like |
| Geneotype | the set of alleles an organism has for a trait |
| Homologous | A condition denoting to the pair of chromosomes having corresponding genes for a particular trait or characteristic |
| Chromosomes | one long piece of DNA |
| Traits | characteristics that are inherited |
| Gametes | egg cells and sperm cells |
| Cross | the mating of two organisms |
| Purebred | Of or pertaining to an animal resulting from a cross of the same breed of unmixed lineage over many generations. |
| Dominant | expressed when two different alleles are present |
| Recessive | expressed only when there are two copies of the recessive allele |
| Dihybrid | crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits |
| Monohybrid | crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait |
| Genetics | The study of biological inherited patterns and variation in organisms |
| Egg | The female gamete |
| Sperm | The male gamete |
| Incomplete | Heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes |
| Codominance | Heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the traits from both alleles |
| Carrier | Organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain trait or disease that is not expressed in the organisms phenotype |
| Sex-linked genes | Gene that is located on a sex chromosome |
| Polygenic | Trait that is produced by two or more genes |
| Epistasis | Rapid outbreak of a disease that affects many people |
| Pedigree | Chart of the phenotype a and genotypes in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of a recessive allele |
| Karyotype | Image of all of the chromosomes in a cell |
| Law of segregation | Each gamete has 1 copy of each gene |
| Law of independent assortment | Genes travel separately |