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BIOL 481
Chapters 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monera | is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms without a nucleus (i.e., a prokaryotic cell organization), such as bacteria |
| Ionian Enchantment | a belief in the unity of the sciences - a conviction, far deeper than the mere proposition, that the world is orderly and can be explained by a small number of natural laws (roots go back to Thales of Miletus in Ionia [6th c. BC]) |
| parsimonious | adhering to the principle principle that the simplest explanation that can explain the data is to be preferred |
| Bose-Einstein condensate | a fundamental form of matter beyond the familiar gases, liquids, and solids, in which many atoms act as a single atom in one quantum state that was obtained a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero |
| pious | devoutly religious |
| cognitive dissonance | the presence of incongruent relations among cognitions (thought and understanding) that frequently results in excessive mental stress and discomfort |
| agnostic | a person who does not have a definite belief about whether God exists or not |
| revelation | is the revealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity or other supernatural entity or entities |
| stoic | a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining |
| tenet | a principle or belief, esp. one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy |
| humanism | a movement of philosophy and ethics that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism) |
| hubris | extreme pride or arrogance |
| the Enlightenment | a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th- and 18th-century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition |
| Consilience | In science and history, consilience refers to the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can "converge" to strong conclusions |
| delectation | pleasure and delight |
| implicit | implied, though not plainly expressed; with no qualification or question - absolute |
| impervious | not allowing fluid to pass through |
| indictment | a thing that serves to illustrate that a system or situation is bad and deserves to be condemned |
| conflation | occurs when the identities of two or more individuals, concepts, or places, sharing some characteristics of one another, seem to be a single identity — the differences appear to become lost |
| simplism | the tendency to oversimplify an issue or a problem by ignoring complexities or complications |
| ontological reductionism | belief that reality is composed of a minimum number of kinds of entities or substances (usually metaphysical, and is most commonly a form of monism, in effect claiming that all objects, properties and events are reducible to a single substance) |
| scientism | refers to belief in the universal applicability of the scientific method and approach, and the view that empirical science constitutes the most authoritative worldview or most valuable part of human learning to the exclusion of other viewpoints |
| rancorously | showing bitterness, long-lasting resentment; having deep-seated ill will |
| over-weening | presumptuously arrogant; overbearing |
| metaphysics | traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it (tries to answer two questions: what is ultimately there? and what is it like? |
| bequeathed | leave to a person or beneficiary by a will |
| myopic | nearsighted |
| secular | denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis |
| legatees | a person who inherits personal property through a will |
| Girondists | a political faction in France in 1792-93 within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention during the French Revolution. They campaigned for the end of the monarchy but then resisted the spiraling momentum of the Revolution |
| Jacobin | the most famous and influential political club in the development of the French Revolution, so-named because of the Dominican convent where they met, which had recently been located in the Rue St. Jacques |
| fruition | the point at which a plan or project is realized |
| egalitarianism | is a trend of thought that favors equality for all people. Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status |
| the Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 - 28 July 1794) | a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution" |
| serenely | calm and unruffled, unaffected by disturbance |
| demagogue | a political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument |
| physiognomy | the assessment of a person's character or personality from his or her outer appearance, especially the face |
| polymath | a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas |
| jurisprudence | the theory or philosophy of law |
| courtier | a person who attends a royal court as a companion or adviser to the king or queen |
| prodigious | remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree |
| coherent | logical and consistent; united as or forming a whole |
| nurturist | one who believes that the mind is molded wholly by its environment, so that humans are free to make themselves and society as they please |
| perfectibilist | a person who believes that the quality of human life can be improved indefinitely |
| anticlerical | opposed to the power or influence of the clergy, esp. in politics |
| ethicist | one whose judgment on ethics and ethical codes has come to be trusted by a specific community, and (importantly) is expressed in some way that makes it possible for others to mimic or approximate that judgement |
| humanitarian | concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare |
| aloof | not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant |
| Montagnards | a political group during the French Revolution whose members sat on the highest benches in the Assembly. They were the most radical group and opposed the Girondists. Led by the Jacobins, they unleashed the Reign of Terror in 1794 |
| infinitesimal | extremely small |
| paean | a song of praise or triumph |
| repertory | a place in which something is found |
| galvanic/ galvanize (v) | relating to or producing a direct current of electricity/ shock with an electric current, to arouse awareness or action |
| perturbations | anxiety; mental uneasiness |
| summum bonum | Latin (the highest good) |
| Natural selection | differential survival and reproduction of different genetic forms, preparing organisms only for necessities |
| uncannily | peculiarly unsettling as if of supernatural origin or nature; eeerie |
| transcend | be or go beyond the range or limits of (something abstract, typically a conceptual field or division) |
| nuance | a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound |
| coulomb | named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, unit symbol: C) is a fundamental unit of electrical charge, and is also the SI derived unit of electric charge (Q or q) |
| quantum electrodynamics | the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved |
| magnetic momentum | a measure of the interaction between an electron and a magnetic field |
| torque | moment or moment of force, is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot |
| induction | the production of a potential difference |
| gyromagnetic ratio | the magnetic moment divided by the angular momentum |
| consummated | brought to completion or fuition |
| finesses | intricate and refined delicacy |
| simulacra | likeness, similarity |
| theory | a system of ideas intended to explain something, such as a single or collection of fact(s), event(s), or phenomen(a)(on) (usually incorrected used on a daily basis - not scientifically used... these are meant to develop hypotheses) |
| dryads | tree nymph or female tree spirit (Greek mythology) |
| science | the organized, systematic enterprise that gathers knowledge about the world and condenses the knowledge into testable laws and principles (includes 5 things to distinguish it; repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics, and consilience |
| mensuration | measuring |
| heuristics | refers to experience-based techniques for problem solving, learning, and discovery that give a solution which is not guaranteed to be optimal |
| ineradicable | unable to be destroyed or removed |
| reductionism | the breaking apart of nature into its natural constituents |
| aggregate | a whole formed by combining several (typically disparate) elements |
| prospector | one who explores an area |
| rites | often refers to what is also called a sacrament or to the ceremonies associated with the sacraments |
| fiefdom/ fief | an estate of land, esp. one held on condition of feudal service |
| stolid | calm, dependable, and showing little emotion or animation |
| venal | showing or motivated by susceptibility to bribery |
| utilitarian | designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive |
| quiver | a container for arrows, bolts, or darts |
| rotifers | a phylum of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals |
| esoteric | intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interes |
| armamentarium | the medicines, equipment, and techniques available to a medical practitioner |
| accretion | growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion |
| patois | any language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics |
| calibrate | mark (a gauge or instrument) with a standard scale of readings |
| inference | a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning |
| grail | a cup or plate that, according to medieval legend, was used by Jesus at the Last Supper and that later became the object of many chivalrous quests |
| ply | practice or perform diligently |
| heresy | any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs |
| empirical | based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic |
| derogation | an exemption from or relaxation of a rule or law |
| epistemology | the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge |
| chimerical | existing only as the product of unchecked imagination |
| venerable | accorded a great deal of respect, esp. because of age, wisdom, or character |
| savant | a person with a mental disability, such as an autism spectrum disorder, demonstrates profound and prodigious capacities or abilities far in excess of what would be considered normal |
| encumber | restrict or burden (someone or something) in such a way that free action or movement is difficult |
| allure | the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating |
| positivism | the conviction that the only certain knowledge is the exact description of what we perceive with our senses |
| pragmatism | the belief that truth is what consistently works in human action |
| logical positivism | a variation of general positivism that attempted to define the essence of scientific statements by means of logic and analysis of language |
| scintillating | sparkling or shining brightly |
| ethos | Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology |
| parse | To break (a sentence) down into its component parts of speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactical relationship of each part |
| chaff | something comparatively worthless |
| canonical | standard |
| semantic | the study of meaning |
| absolutism | the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters |
| lodestar | referring to Polaris |
| antecedent | a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another |
| holistically | relating to or concerned with complete systems rather than with individual parts |
| retrodiction | he act of making a "prediction" about the past |
| idiosyncracy | a mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual |
| prescriptive | of or relating to the imposition or enforcement of a rule or method |
| formidably | Arousing fear, dread, or alarm |
| congeries | a disorderly collection; a jumble |
| hydra | monster/dragon with many heads |
| collateral | additional but subordinate; secondary |
| revulsion | a sense of disgust or loathing |
| transfix | cause (someone) to become motionless with horror, wonder, or astonishment |
| arutams | ancestors living in the spirit world of the Jivaro people |
| incarnate | (esp. of a deity or spirit) embodied in flesh; in human form |
| neuromodulator | something (as a polypeptide) that potentiates or inhibits the transmission of a nerve impulse but is not the actual means of transmission itself |
| narcosis | the unconsciousness induced by a narcotic drug |
| adduced | cite as evidence |
| concession | the act or an instance of conceding (as by granting something as a right, accepting something as true, or acknowledging defeat) |
| totalitarian | of or relating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state |
| deltaic | pertaining to or like a delta |
| contrivance | a thing that is created skillfully and inventively to serve a particular purpose |
| seminal | (of a work, event, moment, or figure) strongly influencing later development |
| expatiation | to speak or write about something in a way that includes a lot of details or uses many words |
| spurn | reject with disdain or contempt |
| artifice | clever or cunning devices or expedients, esp. as used to trick or deceive others |
| imbibe | drink up |
| purveyor | a person who sells or deals in particular goods |
| parochial | of or relating to a church parish |
| precocious | (of a child) having developed certain abilities or proclivities at an earlier age than usual |
| commensurate | corresponding in size or degree; in proportion |
| contented | happy and at ease |
| condign | of punishment or retribution) appropriate to the crime or wrongdoing; fitting and deserved |
| exenterate | To disembowel; eviscerate |
| rote | mechanical or habitual repetition of something to be learned |
| reticent | not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily |
| induction | generalize a finding stepwise, based on accumulating data |
| deduction | inference in which the conclusion is of no greater generality than the premises |
| aphorism | a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain't broke, don't fix it." |
| fallacy | an argument that uses poor reasoning |
| veritable | used as an intensifier, often to qualify a metaphor |
| maxim | a short, pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct |
| instauration | the action of restoring or renewing something |
| archetype | a very typical example of a certain person or thing |
| Cartesian coordinates | numbers that indicate the location of a point relative to a fixed reference point (the origin), being its shortest (perpendicular) distances from two fixed axes (or three planes defined by three fixed axes) that intersect at right angles at the origin |
| id | the embodiment of instinct (according to Freud) that is suppressed by ego |
| psychoanalyst | one who uses psychological therapy - free association, dream interpretation, & analysis of resistance & transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts, to free psychic energy for mature ♥ & work |
| maudlin | self-pityingly or tearfully sentimental, often through drunkenness |
| phantasmagoric | having a fantastic or deceptive appearance, as something in a dream or created by the imagination |
Created by:
Nicolekr
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