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Genetics

TermDefinition
Allele the different forms of a trait
Genotype an organisms genetic make-up or genetic code; what the genes say
Phenotype an organisms physical appearance or visible traits; what it looks like
Homozygous two of the same alleles for a trait; AA or aa
Heterozygous two different alleles for a trait; Aa
DNA inside the chromosome, this double helix (twisted ladder shape) structure contains the genes or genetic code which act as instructions for making you
Gene a small section of the long DNA strand which contains many of your various traits
Trait passed on from your parents, these are what make you look like you do
Dominant this allele or trait is the strongest and will always show through when present. It is also illustrated using a capital letter.
Recessive this allele or trait is the weakest and will only show through when a dominant trait is absent. It is illustrated using a lower case letter.
Punnett Square a chart that shows four possible offspring's genotype & phenotype combinations
Hybrid two different breeds creating a new breed of offspring. Example: Labrodoole, Liger
Purebred two of the same breeds creating a "pure" line of offspring. Example: Purebred huskys
Selective Breeding Humans selecting two organisms to breed together to create an offspring with desired traits.
Genetic Divsersity Differences in the gene combinations available in organisms of the same species
Meiosis the process of creating sex cells (sperm or egg). These cells have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mutation a change in a gene or chromosome
Gregor Mendel a monk who discovered how traits are passed from one generation to the next using pea plants
Created by: DrMacKay
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